In "Jewish Integration in the German Army in the First World War" David J.Fine offers a surprising portrayal of Jewish officers in the German army as integrated and comfortably identified as both Jews and Germans. Looking at how Judaism and Christianity were practiced in the army and how Jewish soldiers reacted to encountering other Jews in the conquered lands of the eastern front, Fine argues that Jews were strongly identified as both Germans and Jews. Finally, utilizing many published and unpublished sources, the author argues that antisemitism was not a primary factor in the war experience of Jewish soldiers.