"A strong contribution to the literature of Indigenous resistance."-- Kirkus Reviews "Concise and powerful. Fixico gathers archival traces and oral histories into a layered, cohesive history [that is] both careful and vibrantly alive, and it invites us to listen differently and closely--to the voices of the past, to the knowledge systems that sustained them, and to our responsibilities as historians who carry these stories forward."--Angela Parker, American Indian Culture and Research Journal Received an Honorable Mention from the Oklahoma Historical Society Awards. Dr. Fixico is also among their 2026 class of inductees to the Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame. "This may be Donald Fixico's best book in a long and distinguished career. He tells the dramatic story of Chitto Harjo and the Crazy Snake Rebellion to reveal a larger and longer struggle.

Both personal and thoroughly researched, this revealing and quite original history traces how Native communalism and the Medicine Way resisted Christianity and American individualism within the Muscogee Nation."--Richard White, Stanford University "Chitto Harjo (Crazy Snake) was a man caught in the grind between two worlds as the ancient one of the Muscogees met the overpowering one of Euro-American newcomers. Was he a troublemaker or patriot? Donald Fixico argues compellingly here for the latter, and by doing that he throws light on global colonization as a clash of spiritual and perceptual power as much as one of outward authority and command."--Elliot West, author of Continental Reckoning: The American West in the Age of Expansion.