Part I FOUNDATIONS OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 1 The Scientific Approach 2 Conceptual Foundations of Research 3 Elements of Research 4 Ethics in Social Science Research Part II DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH 5 Research Designs: Experiments 6 Research Designs: Cross-Sectional and Quasi-Experimental Designs 7 Measurement 8 Sampling and Sample Designs Part III DATA COLLECTION 9 Observational Methods 10 Survey Research 11 Questionnaire Construction 12 Qualitative Research 13 Secondary Data Analysis and Sources Part IV DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 14 Data Preparation and Analysis 15 The Univariate Distribution 16 Bivariate Analysis 17 Control, Elaboration, and Multivariate Analysis 18 Index Construction and Scaling Methods 19 Inferences Appendices A Writing Research Reports B : The Summation Sign C Random Digits D Areas under the Normal Curve E Distribution of t F Critical Values of F G Distribution of c 2 Glossary Author Index Subject Index.