This book focuses on soil-plant system management under the goal of environmental sustainability, addressing how compounded pressures-such as climate extremes, soil degradation, and environmental pollution-affect agricultural production stability, soil health, and environmental footprints. It emphasizes a shift from single-factor, fragmented interventions toward a systemic, multi-objective, synergistic management paradigm. Guided by systems thinking and a process-oriented approach, the book develops an analytical framework of "stressors-processes-mechanisms-regulation-integration-practice." Centering on key processes such as carbon and nitrogen cycling and rhizosphere microenvironments, it examines response mechanisms under different stress conditions and identifies actionable intervention points. Strategies including precision water and nutrient management and genetic-environment coordination are assessed and combined within a multi-objective trade-off context. Methodologically, the book highlights multi-scale integration, linking molecular and micro-scale processes with field and regional systems, and introduces resilience-by-design as a core component of management pathways to strengthen climate-change adaptation and uncertainty management. Typical regional case studies, together with operational evaluation and implementation approaches, are provided to support scientific analysis, technology integration, and practical decision-making.