Preface xvii 1 A Comprehensive Review on Text Classification and Text Mining Techniques Using Spam Dataset Detection 1 Tamannas Siddiqui and Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Amer 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Text Mining Techniques 3 1.2.1 Data Mining 3 1.2.2 Information Retrieval 4 1.2.

3 Natural Language Processing (NLP) 5 1.2.4 Information Extraction 5 1.2.5 Text Summarization 6 1.2.6 Text Categorization 7 1.2.

7 Clustering 7 1.2.8 Information Visualization 7 1.2.9 Question Answer 8 1.3 Dataset and Preprocessing Steps 9 1.3.1 Text Preprocess 9 1.

4 Feature Extraction 9 1.4.1 Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency 10 1.4.2 Bag of Words (BoW) 10 1.5 Supervised Machine Learning Classification 11 1.6 Evaluation 11 1.7 Experimentation and Discussion Results for Spam Detection Data 11 1.

8 Text Mining Applications 13 1.9 Text Classification Support 13 1.9.1 Health 13 1.9.2 Business and Marketing 14 1.9.3 Law 14 1.

10 Conclusions 14 References 15 2 Study of Lidar Signals of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Statistical Technique 19 Kamana Mishra and Bhavani Kumar Yellapragada 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Methodology 21 2.2.1 A Statistical Approach to Determine the CBLH 21 2.2.2 A Statistical Approach to Determine the Best Fit Distribution to the Backscatter Signals of the Lidar Dataset 22 2.3 Mathematical Background of Method 23 2.

4 Example and Result 24 2.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 27 Acknowledgement 28 References 28 Annexure 30 3 Optimal Personalized Therapies in Colon Cancer Induced Immune Response using a Fokker-Planck Framework 33 Souvik Roy and Suvra Pal 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 The Control Framework Based on Fokker-Planck Equations 35 3.3 Theoretical Results 39 3.4 Numerical Schemes 41 3.5 Results 43 3.6 Conclusion 44 Acknowledgments 45 References 45 4 Detection and Classification of Leaf Blast Disease using Decision Tree Algorithm in Rice Crop 49 Sarvesh Vishwakarma and Bhavna Chilwal 4.

1 Introduction 49 4.2 Proposed Methodology 51 4.3 Result Analysis 52 4.4 Conclusion 55 4.5 Future Work 55 References 56 5 Novel Hybrid Optimal Deep Network and Optimization Approach for Human Face Emotion Recognition 59 J. Seetha, M. Ayyadurai and M. Mary Victoria Florence 5.

1 Introduction 60 5.2 Related Work 61 5.3 System Model and Problem Statement 62 5.4 Proposed Model 63 5.4.1 Preprocessing Stage 64 5.4.2 Knowledge Based Face Detection 64 5.

4.3 Image Resizing 64 5.4.4 Feature Extraction 64 5.5 Proposed HDC-GEN Classification 65 5.6 Result and Discussion 68 5.6.1 Performance Metrics Evaluation 69 5.

6.2 Comparative Analysis 70 5.7 Conclusion 74 References 74 6 An Application of Information Technology in Adaptive Leadership of Ministry of Ayush During Pandemic of Covid 19: A Case Study 77 Vikram Singh, Shikha Kapoor and Sandeep Kumar Gupta 6.1 Introduction 77 6.2 Ministry of AYUSH 78 6.3 Leadership Principles and Practices by Ministry of AYUSH During Covid- 19 79 6.4 Effective Communication 79 6.5 Sharing of Resources 80 6.

6 Shared Decision Making 81 6.7 Training of Manpower 81 6.8 Use of IT Platform 81 6.9 Finding Opportunities for R&D During the Crisis 83 6.10 Collaborating with Stakeholders for International Day of Yoga (IDY) 84 6.11 Providing Hope When Nothing Seemed to be Working 87 6.12 Leveraging Old Knowledge 87 6.13 Conclusion 88 References 88 7 Encoder-Decoder Models for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction 91 Ashish Kumar Sharma and Rajeev Srivastava 7.

1 Introduction 91 7.2 Literature Review 93 7.3 Experimental Work 93 7.3.1 Data Set 93 7.3.2 Proposed Methodology 94 7.3.

3 Data Preprocessing 94 7.3.4 Long Short Term Memory 94 7.4 Results and Discussion 96 7.5 Conclusion 97 References 98 8 Hesitancy, Awareness, and Vaccination: A Computational Analysis on Complex Networks 101 Dibyajyoti Mallick, Aniruddha Ray, Ankita Das and Sayantari Ghosh 8.1 Introduction 101 8.2 Model Formulation 103 8.3 Model Analysis on Complex Network 106 8.

3.1 Effect of Vaccination Rate 107 8.3.2 Effect of Negative Rumors 108 8.3.3 Effect of Positive Peer Influence 108 8.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 111 References 112 9 Propagation of Seismic Waves in Porous Thermoelastic Semi-Infinite Space with Impedance Boundary Conditions 115 Annu Rani and Dinesh Kumar Madan 9.1 Introduction 115 9.

2 Basic Equations 116 9.3 Problem Formulation 118 9.4 Reflection at the Free Surface 121 9.4.1 Boundary Conditions 124 9.4.2 Energy Ratios 126 9.5 Numerical Results and Discussion 127 9.

6 Conclusion 133 References 134 10 IoT Based Ensemble Predictive Techniques to Determine the Student Observing Analysis through E-Learning 137 Rufia Thaseen I., S. Shahar Banu and Sudha Rajesh 10.1 Introduction 138 10.2 Review of Literature 140 10.2.1 Objectives of the Study 142 10.3 Methodology 142 10.

4 Analysis and Interpretation 143 10.5 Findings and Conclusion 147 References 148 11 Modelling and Analysis of a Congestion Dependent Queue with Bernoulli Scheduled Vacation Interruption and Client Impatience 151 K. Jyothsna and P. Vijaya Kumar 11.1 Introduction 152 11.2 Model Overview 154 11.3 Model Analysis 155 11.3.

1 Pre-Arrival Epoch Probabilities 157 11.3.2 Arbitrary Epoch Probabilities 162 11.4 Special Cases 163 11.5 Performance Metrics 163 11.6 Numerical Outcomes 164 11.7 Conclusion 169 References 169 12 Resource Allocation Determines Alternate Cell Fate in Bistable Genetic Switch 173 Priya Chakraborty and Sayantari Ghosh 12.1 Introduction 173 12.

2 Model Formulation 176 12.3 Result Section 178 12.3.1 Pitchfork Bifurcation in Genetic Toggle 178 12.3.1.1 Resource Affinity Regulates the Symmetry of Pitchfork Bifurcation 178 12.3.

1.2 Availability of Total mRNA Pool Regulates the Symmetry of Pitchfork Bifurcation 180 12.3.1.3 Total Resource Availability Regulates the Point of Bifurcation in the System 180 12.3.2 Saddle Node Bifurcation in Genetic Toggle 180 12.3.

2.1 Resource Distribution Regulates the Point of Bifurcation in Toggle Switch 182 12.3.2.2 Region of Interest in Toggle Switch is Significantly Regulated by Resource Allocation 182 12.3.2.3 Total Resource Availability T Regulates Saddle Node Bifurcation Curve 183 12.

4 Conclusion 183 Acknowledgement 184 References 184 13 A Hybrid Approach to Ontology Evaluation 187 Aastha Mishra and Preetvanti Singh 13.1 Introduction 187 13.2 Background 188 13.3 The Developed OntoEva Method 189 13.4 Ontology Selection for Epilepsy Disorder 190 13.4.1 Accuracy 191 13.4.

2 Adaptability 191 13.4.3 Clarity 191 13.4.4 Completeness 192 13.4.5 Conciseness 192 13.4.

6 Consistency 192 13.4.7 Organizational Fitness 192 13.5 Results 201 13.6 Comparison of Ontologies 201 13.7 Conclusion 202 References 203 14 Smart Health Care Waste Segregation and Safe Disposal 205 R.M. Bommi, Sami Venkata Sai Rajeev, Sarvepalli Navya, Veluru Sai Teja and Uppala Supriya 14.

1 Introduction 206 14.2 Related Works 207 14.3 System Architecture 210 14.3.1 Wrapping 212 14.3.2 Incinerator 213 14.3.

3 Conveyor Cleaning System 213 14.3.4 Circuit Diagram 213 14.3.5 Optimal Path Planning Algorithm for Waste Collection 214 14.4 Methodology 214 14.5 Mobile App 217 14.6 Conclusions and Future Works 218 Declarations 219 Availability of Data and Materials 219 Competing Interests 219 Author''s Contribution 219 References 219 15 Investigation of Viscoelastic Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Flow Over an Expanded Lamina Surrounded in a Permeable Media 223 Hiranmoy Mondal, Arindam Sarkar and Raj Nandkeolyar 15.

1 Introduction 223 15.1.1 Literature Review 223 15.1.2 Nomenclature 224 15.2 Formulation of the Problem 226 15.2.1 Analytical Solution 227 15.

2.2 Numerical Methods (Spectral Quasi-Linearization Methods) 228 15.3 Result and Argument 230 15.4 Conclusion 235 References 236 16 Quickest Multi-Commodity Contraflow with Non-Symmetric Traversal Times 239 Shiva Prakash Gupta, Urmila Pyakurel and Tanka Nath Dhamala 16.1 Introduction 239 16.2 Preliminaries with Flow Models 242 16.2.1 Mathematical Model with Contraflow 242 16.

3 QMCCF with Non-Symmetric Transit Times 244 16.3.1 Approximation Approach for the QMCCF 245 16.4 Conclusions 248 Acknowledgments 248 References 248 17 A Mathematical Representation for Deteriorating Goods with a Trapezoidal-Type Demand, Shortages and Time Dependent Holding Cost 251 Ruma Roy Chowdhury 17.1 Introduction 251 17.2 Assumptions and Notations 253