Preface. To the Student. A Note on Nomenclature. A Key to Icon Usage. Maps. 1: Understanding International Relations. The Study of IR. IR and Daily Life.

IR as a Field of Study. Theories and Methods. Actors and Influences. State Actors. Nonstate Actors. The Information Revolution. Levels of Analysis. Geography.

History. World Civilizations to 2000. The Great-Power System, 1500-2000. Imperialism, 1500-2000. Nationalism, 1500-2000. The World Economy, 1750-2000. The Two World Wars, 1900-1950. The Cold War, 1945-1990.

The Early Post-Cold War Era, 1990- 2: Power Politics. Realism. Power. Defining Power. Estimating Power. Elements of Power. Bargaining. Bargaining and Leverage.

Strategies. Reciprocity, Deterrence, and Arms Races. Rationality. Game Theory. The International System. Anarchy and Sovereignty. Balance of Power. Great Powers and Middle Powers.

Power Distribution. Hegemony. Alliances. Purposes of Alliances. NATO and the U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty. The Former Soviet Republics.

Regional Alignments. 3: Alternatives to Power Politics. Liberalism. Traditional Liberal Critiques. What is Rationality. Neoliberalism. Collective Goods. International Regimes.

Hegemonic Stability. Collective Security. Foreign Policy and Decision-Making. Models of Decision Making. Individual Decision Makers. Group Dynamics. Crisis Management. Substate actors.

Bureaucracies. Interest Groups. The Military-Industrial Complex. Public Opinion. Legislatures. Democracy and Foreign Policy. Feminism. Why Gender Matters.

The Masculinity of Realism. Gender in War and Peace. Women in IR. Balancing the Feminist Arguments. Other Alternatives to Realism. Constructivism. Postmodernism. Deconstructing Realism.

Postmodern feminism. Peace Studies. 4: Conflict and War. The Causes of War. Theories about War. The Individual Level. The Domestic Level. The Interstate Level.

The Global Level. Conflicts of Interest. Territorial Disputes. Means of Controlling Territory. Secession. Interstate Borders. Lingering Disputes. Territorial Waters.

Airspace. Control of Governments. Economic Conflict. Drug Trafficking. Conflicts of Ideas. Ethnic Conflict. Causes of Ethnic Hostility. Religious Conflict.

Ideological Conflict. Means of Leverage. Types of War. Terrorism. The Use of Military Force. Military Economics. The Choice of Capabilities. Control of Military Forces.

Command. States and Militaries. Conventional Forces. Armies. Navies. Air Forces. Logistics and Intelligence. Evolving Technologies.

Weapons of Mass Destruction. Nuclear Weapons. Ballistic Missiles and Other Delivery Systems. Chemical and Biological Weapons. Proliferation. Nuclear Strategy. Nuclear Arsenals and Arms Control. 5: Trade.

From Security to Political Economy. Liberalism and Mercantilism. Globalization. Markets. Global Patterns of Trade. Comparative Advantage. Prices and Markets. Centrally Planned Economies.

Politics of Markets. Balance of Trade. Interdependence. Trade Strategies. Autarky. Protectionism. Industries and Interest Groups. Illicit Trade.

Cooperation in Trade. Trade Regimes. The World Trade Organization. Resistance to Trade. Bilateral and Regional Agreements. Bilateral Agreements. Free Trade Areas. Cartels.

The Currency System. International Currency Exchange. Why Currencies Rise or Fall. Central Banks. The World Bank and the IMF. State Financial Positions. National Accounts. International Debt.

The Position of the United States. The Position of Russia and Eastern Europe. The Position of Asia. Multinational Business. Multinational Corporations. Foreign Direct Investment. Host and Home Government Relations. Business Environments.

6: International Organization and Law. Supranationalism. Roles of International Organizations. The United Nations. The UN System. Purposes of the UN. Structure of the UN. History of the UN.

The Security Council. Proposed Changes. Peacekeeping Forces. The Secretariat. The General Assembly. UN Programs. Autonomous Agencies. The European Union.

I Integration Theory. Costs of Integration. The Vision of a United Europe. The Treaty of Rome. Structure of the European Union. The Single European Act. The Maastricht Treaty. Monetary Union.

Expanding the European Union. International Law. Sources of International Law. Enforcement of International Law. The World Court. International Cases in National Courts. Laws of Diplomacy. War Crimes.

Changing Context. Just War Doctrine. Human Rights. The Evolution of World Order. 7: North-South Relations. Poverty. Theories of Accumulation. Economic Accumulation.

Capitalism. Socialism. Imperialism. The Globalization of Class. The World-System. European Colonialism. Anti-Imperialism. Postcolonial Dependency.

Dependency. Population. The Demographic Transition. Population Policies. Women''s Status. Mortality and AIDS. Population and International Conflict. The State of the South.

Basic Human Needs. World Hunger. Rural and Urban Populations. Women in Development. Migration and Refugees. Trafficking. Revolution. Revolutionary Movements.

Islamic Revolutions. Development Experiences. The Newly Industrializing Countries. The Chinese Experience. Other Experiments. Import Substitution and Export-Led Growth. Concentrating Capital for Manufacturing. Authoritarianism and Democracy.

Corruption. North-South Business. Foreign Investment. Technology Transfer. North-South Debt. IMF Conditionality. The South in International Economic Regimes. Foreign Assistance.

Patterns of Foreign Assistance. The Disaster Relief Model. The Missionary Model. The Oxfam Model. Confronting the North-South Gap. 8: Environment and Technology. Interdependence and the Environment. Sustainable Economic Development.

The Atmosphere. Biodiversity. Forests and Oceans. Pollution. Natural Resources. World Energy. Minerals, Land, Water. International Security and the Environment.

The Power of Information. Wiring the World. Information as a Tool of Governments. Information as a Tool against Governments. International Culture. Telecommunications and Global Culture. Transnational Communities. Conclusion.