Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Text Points on Format and Presentation 1. History of Scientific Exploration F. Andriamialisoa and O. Langrand The History of Zoological Exploration of Madagascar References 2. Geology and Soils N. A. Wells Some Hypotheses on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleoenvironmental History of Madagascar J. J.

Flynn and A. R. Wyss Mesozoic Terrestrial Vertebrate Faunas: The Early History of Madagascar''s Vertebrate Diversity D. W. Krause Late Cretaceous Vertebrates of Madagascar: A Window into Gondwanan Biogeography at the End of the Age of Dinosaurs D. A. Burney Madagascar''s Prehistoric Ecosystems D. J.

Du Puy and J. Moat Using Geological Substrate to Identify and Map Primary Vegetation Types in Madagascar and the Implications for Planning Biodiversity Conservation References 3. Climates M. R. Jury The Climate of Madagascar References 4. Forest Ecology J. -M. Dufils Remaining Forest Cover L.

Cournac, M. A. Dubois, and B. Riera Rapid Methods for Characterizing Forest Structure in Madagascar R. C. de Gouvenain and J. A. Silander Jr.

Littoral Forest References 5. Human Ecology H. T. Wright and J. A. Rakotoarisoa The Rise of Malagasy Societies: New Developments in the Archaeology of Madagascar R. E. Dewar Relationship between Human Ecological Pressure and the Vertebrate Extinctions P.

Kistler and S. Spack Comparing Agricultural Systems in Two Areas of Madagascar T. K. Erdmann The Dilemma of Reducing Shifting Cultivation K. Schoonmaker Freudenberger The Fianarantsoa-East Coast Railroad and Its Role in Eastern Forest Conservation J. Durbin, K. Bernard, and M. Fenn The Role of Socioeconomic Factors in Loss of Malagasy Biodiversity N.

Rabesahala Horning How Rules Affect Conservation Outcomes C. A. Kull Fire and the Management of Highland Vegetation J. -M. Duplantier and J. -B. Duchemin Human Diseases and Introduced Small Mammals F. Ariey, M.

Randrianarivelojosia, L. J. Sahondra Harisoa, and L. Raharimalala Malaria D. Rousset and M. R. Andrianarivelo Viruses References 6. Marine and Coastal Ecosystems A.

Cooke, J. R. E. Lutjeharms, and P. Vasseur Marine and Coastal Ecosystems E. Roger and M. Andrianasolo Mangroves and Salt Marshes R. Ratsimbazafy Sea Turtles H.

C. Rosenbaum Marine Mammals H. C. Rosenbaum Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale References 7. Plants L. Gautier and S. M. Goodman Introduction to the Flora of Madagascar H.

L. Andrianasetra Ranarijaona Aquatic and Semiaquatic Vascular Plants P. Binggeli Introduced and Invasive Plants B. Simmen, A. Hladik, C. M. Hladik, and P. Ramasiarisoa Occurrence of Alkaloids and Phenolics in Malagasy Forests and Responses by Primates J.

Ratsirarson and J. A. Silander Jr. Pollination Ecology of Plant Communities in the Dry Forests of the Southwest S. A. Spaulding and J. P. Kociolek Bacillariophyceae, Freshwater Diatoms F.

Rakotondrainibe Diversity, Ecology, and Distribution of the Pteridophyte Flora F. Rakotondrainibe Checklist to the Pteridophytes L. B. Thien, C. R. Birkinshaw, R. Andriamparany, E. Rabakonandrianina, and G.

E. Schatz Winteraceae, Takhtajania perrieri A. Le Thomas and G. Aymonin Annonaceae H. Sauquet Myristicaceae A. Dalecky, C. Kerdelhué, S. Johnson, V.

R. Razafindratsita, C. Grassi, A. C. Razafiarimalala, D. J. Overdorff, and J. -Y.

Rasplus Moraceae, Ficus and Associated Fauna P. Binggeli Cactaceae, Opuntia spp., Prickly Pear D. A. Baum Bombacaceae, Adansonia L. Gautier Sapotaceae J. -N. Labat and J.

Moat Leguminosae (Fabaceae) L. J. Dorr Baudouinia rouxevillei F. Almeda Melastomataceae, Princess Flowers P. Hoffmann and G. McPherson Euphorbiaceae--Overview T. Haevermans Euphorbia W. S.

Armbruster and B. G. Baldwin Pollination and Evolution of Euphorb Vines in Madagascar C. A. Kull Uapaca Woodlands A. Randrianasolo Anacardiaceae M. E. Rahelivololona, E.

Fischer, and S. Wohlhauser Balsaminaceae S. Wohlhauser, P. Küpfer, and Y. -M. Yuan Gentianaceae P. Binggeli Verbenaceae, Lantana camara E. Fischer Scrophulariaceae M.

Möller Gesneriaceae M. L. Zjhra Bignoniaceae: Phylogenetics and Evolution of Pollination Systems A. Davis and D. Bridson Introduction to the Rubiaceae S. Razafimandimbison Breonia and Related Genera (Tribe Naucleeae) S. E. Dawson Carphalea (Tribe Hedyotideae) A.

Davis Coffea (Tribe Coffeeae) P. De Block Coptosperma and Related Genera (Tribe Pavetteae) A. Davis and F. Rakotonasolo Gardenia and Related Genera (Tribe Gardenieae Subtribe Gardeniinae) P. De Block Ixora (Tribe Ixoreae) S. Razafimandimbison Mussaenda and Related Genera (Tribe Mussaendeae) P. De Block Paederia (Tribe Paederieae) A. Davis Psychotria and Related Genera (Tribe Psychotrieae) A.

Davis and D. Bridson Vangueria and Related Genera (Tribe Vanguerieae) J. Dransfield and H. Beentje Arecaceae, Palms J. Ratsirarson Dypsis decaryi, Triangle Palm M. W. Callmander and M. O.

Laivao Pandanaceae, Pandanus S. Dransfield Poaceae, Bambuseae, Bamboos P. Blanc, A. Hladik, N. Rabenandrianina, J. S. Robert, and C. M.

Hladik Strelitziaceae: The Variants of Ravenala in Natural and Anthropogenic Habitats P. Binggeli Pontederiaceae, Eichhornia crassipes , Water Hyacinth References 8. Invertebrates R. Paulian and P. Viette An Introduction to Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates J. -M. Elouard and F. -M.

Gibon Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates R. Dolch Insect-Plant Interactions: Their Importance for Biodiversity and Ecological Functioning C. C. D. Tingle, A. N. McWilliam, S. Rafanomezana, M.

L. Rakotondravelo, and H. Rakotondrasoa The Fauna of Savanna Grasslands in the Locus Outbreak Area in Southwestern Madagascar T. A. Pearce Gastropoda, Terrestrial Snails W. R. Lurenço Scorpiones, Scorpions C. E.

Griswold Araneae, Spiders H. Klompen Ixodida, Ticks B. M. OConnor Acariformes: Parasitic and Commensal Mites of Vertebrates J. W. Short and E. Doumenq Atyidae and Palaemonidae, Freshwater Shrimps K. A.

Crandall Parastacidae, Astacoides , Freshwater Crayfishes N. Cumberlidge and R. v. Sternberg Potamonautidae, Freshwater Crabs H. Enghoff Diplopoda, Millipedes J. -M. Betsch Collembola, Springtails J. -M.

Elouard, J. -L. Gattolliat, and M. Sartori Ephemeroptera, Mayflies T. W. Donnelly and M. J. Parr Odonata, Dragonflies and Damselflies P.

Eggleton and R. Davies Isoptera, Termites J. -M. Elouard Plecoptera, Stoneflies N. D. Penny Megaloptera, Fishflies and Alderflies N. D. Penny Neuroptera, Lacewings F.

Cassola Coleoptera: Cicindelidae, Tiger Beetles (Studies of Tiger Beetles CXI) L. Andriamampianina Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Tribe Enariini, Scarab Beetles J. -B. Duchemin, J. Ratovonjato, and J. -M. Duplantier Siphonaptera, Fleas M. E.

Irwin, E. I. Schlinger, and F. C. Thompson Diptera, True Flies G. W. Courtney.