Preface Abbreviations Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Part II: Sources Chapter 2: Archaeology, Including Coins and Inscriptions Chapter 3: Jewish Literature Chapter 4: Greek and Latin Sources Part III: Society and Institutions Chapter 5: Economics Chapter 6: Sects and Movements Chapter 7: Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls Chapter 8: The Samaritans: From Sanballat to Vespasian Chapter 9: The Idumaeans, Arabs and Parthians Chapter 10: The Diaspora: Jewish Communities Outside Judah from Alexander to Herod (330 BCE to 4 CE) Chapter 11: Causes of the Maccabaean Revolt Chapter 12: Religion : Temple, Scripture, Belief and Practice Part IV: Historical Synthesis Chapter 13: Background: The Ptolemies, the Seleucids, and the Romans Chapter 14: Events Preceding the Maccabaean Revolt (175-168 BCE): A New Constitution for Jerusalem Chapter 15: The Maccabean Revolt To the Death of Judas (170-161 BCE) Chapter 16: The Hasmonaean Kingdom: From Jonathan to Alexandra Salome (161 to 67 BCE) Chapter 17: End of the Hasmonaean Kingdom and the Beginning of Roman Domination (67-40 BCE) Chapter 18: The Reign of Herod the Great (40-4 BCE) Part V: Conclusions Chapter 19: Judaism From Onias III to Herod the Great--A Holistic Perspective Bibliography Index of References Index of Authors Index of Subjects.