Carolyn L. Williams is associate professor of epidemiology in the School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, and coauthor, with James N. Butcher, John R. Graham, and Yossef S. Ben-Porath, of Development and Use of the MMPI-2 Content Scales (Minnesota, 1990). James N. Butcher is professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota and author of numerous articles and books on the MMPI.Yossef S.

Ben-Porath is assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University and author of MMPI articles in the journal literature.John R. Graham is professor of psychology at Kent State University and author of a basic text on the MMPI-2.