PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; TABLE OF CASES; TABLE OF TREATIES AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS TABLE AND FIGURES; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSINTRODUCTION 1 Admission under the UN Charter 1.1 The Constitutive Function of Admission 1.2 Admission Mechanisms: Article 4(2) 1.3 Admission Criteria: Article 4(1) 2 The Early Years: Implementing Article 4? 2.1 Introductory 2.2 The Argentine Controversy2.3 Advisory Opinion on Conditions of Admission (1948)The Court's AnalysisNegative Votes and Non-application of the Substantive CriteriaElaborating the Criteria for Admission2.4 Substantive Criteria and the Procedures for Admission Rules of ProcedureImplementation- Committee on Admission of New Members: Questionnaires and Applicant Responses- Disuse of the Committee on Admission 3 The Road to Universality: The Admissions of 1955-6 3.

1 The 'Logjam'3.2 The General Assembly and the Non-admissibility of Spain3.3 Universality as Legal Requirement?Universality Defined - A UN Principle - A Measure of Tasks and Potential Universality in the Charter as a WholeUniversality and Sovereign Equality3.4 Universality as Policy Decision3.5 The Package DealJapan; Mongolia; Albania; Jordan; Hungary; Romania; Bulgaria; Libya; Spain;Conclusions 4 Universality Affirmed: The Eclipse of Substantive Admission Criteria 4.1 Universality under Charter Law: The Views of States after the Package Deal4.2 The Charter after Eclipse of the Substantive CriteriaPractice as Effecting Change in the Constitutive InstrumentInterpretation or Amendment?- General Considerations- Article 4(1): Interpreted or Amended?Entrenchment of Article 4(1) Practice 5 Admission after the Package Deal 5.1 Statehood as the Residual CriterionClaims to the Territory of a StateThe 'Divided States'- Germany; Korea- ConclusionTaiwan- Introductory- Resolution 2758 (XXVI): A Question of Credentials- One China, One Membership- Limiting the Territorial Scope of Credentials- Status of Taiwan: Early Signs of Consolidation- Original Membership: a Basis for Special Rights?- Taiwan's Applications for Admission- Status Redux: Erosion and ConsolidationKosovo5.

2 Contested Admission as the Exceptional Case 6 Universality Achieved: Micro-States, Neutral States, and the Residue of Empires 6.1 Independence of States in the 1990sMacedoniaOther States in the Former Yugoslavia- Yugoslavia: Extinction, Continuity, or Improvisation?- Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and HerzegovinaStates in the Former USSR- Introductory- The Agreed End of Soviet Power- The Baltic States- Ukraine and Belarus: Union Republics as Original Members- Georgia- Other Territories of the USSRCzech and Slovak Republics6.2 Very Small Island States6.3 The European Micro-States6.4 Switzerland6.5 Conclusion 7 Consequences of Admission 7.1 Legal Consequences of Admission as a Member StateStatehood and UN MembershipInternational ResponsibilityAccess to the International Court of JusticeParticipation in other UN ProcessesThe Presumption of Continuity of Membership7.2 Universality and the Future of International OrganizationMinimum Access to Processes of International RelationsConsolidation of the International Community as a WholeUniversal Vocation versus Sectoral TasksCONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX.