Chapter 1. Beach Types and Hazards Surf Beaches Confined Flat-Water Beaches River Beaches Land-Based Beach Hazards Summary Chapter 2. Beach and Waterfront Funding Beach Funding Priorities Core Funding Sources Summary Chapter 3. Accessibility Going Beyond the Americans with Disabilities Act Policy Issues Reasonable Accommodation Attitudes Guidelines From the Recreation Access Board Summary Chapter 4. Liability and Risk Management Negligence Negligence Per Se Degrees of Negligence Defending Negligence Claims Contributory and Comparative Negligence Governmental Immunity Good Samaritan Statutes Premises Liability Recreational Use Statutes Risk Management Managing Aquatic Facilities Reducing Risk at Open-Water Races Summary Chapter 5. Effective Signage: Educating and Warning the Public Standards for Water Safety Signs Establishing Shoreline Zones Placing Beach Flags for Safety Zone Conditions Channeling the Public to Beach Access Points Using Access Points to Warn and Educate Prioritizing the Safety Message Posting and Distributing Healthy Swimming Information Summary Chapter 6. Nonswimming Beach Safety Reasons for Keeping People Out of the Water Methods to Keep People Out of the Water Overall Considerations Summary Chapter 7. Swimming Beach Safety Environmental Considerations Designated Swimming Areas Designated Wading (Nonswimming) Areas Support Features and Facilities Summary Chapter 8.

Above-Water Structure Safety Types of Above-Water Structures Potential Above-Water Structure Hazards Safety Strategies for Above-Water Structures Summary Chapter 9. Operational Considerations and Safety Strategies Policy Decisions Affecting Safety and Beach Operations Universal Proactive Strategies Proactive Strategies at Guarded Beaches Proactive Strategies at Unguarded Beaches Summary Chapter 10. Water Quality and Beach Maintenance Recreational Water Illnesses (RWIs) Urban and Agricultural Sources of Pollution Other Waterborne Concerns Controlling Aquatic Plants and Animal Pests at Beaches Beach Maintenance Beach Sand Grooming Protecting Marine Wildlife Summary Chapter 11. Safety Practices at Guarded Beaches Lifeguard Requirements and Competency Psychology of Lifeguarding Strategies for Improving Vigilance and Emergency Response Summary Chapter 12. United States Lifesaving Association and International Life Saving Federation History of the United States Lifesaving Association Impact of the USLA on American Lifesaving International Life Saving Federation Summary.