Foreword xvii Preface xix 1 Introduction to Soft Materials 1 Athul Satya and Ayon Bhattacharjee 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Brief Introduction to Theories of Soft Matter 2 1.3 Classification of Soft Materials 3 1.4 Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Materials 11 1.5 Characteristics of Soft Matter 12 1.6 Summary 22 2 Synthesizing Soft Materials: Lab to an Industrial Approach 25 Varsha Jain, Tarang Gupta and Madhusudan Maity 2.1 Introduction 27 2.
2 Soft Condensed Matter 28 2.3 Synthesis of Smart Functional LCs 38 2.4 Conclusions 66 3 Liquid Crystal as a Potential Biosensing Material 81 Athul Satya, Tayssir Missaoui, Gurumurthy Hegde and Ayon Bhattacharjee 3.1 Introduction 82 3.2 Classification of LC Biosensor 84 3.3 LC-Microfluidic Biosensor 90 3.4 Electric Field-Assisted Signal Amplified LC Biosensor 93 3.5 LC-Based Whispering Gallery Mode Microcavity Biosensing 93 3.
6 LC Biosensors Using Different Sensing Targets 94 3.7 Summary 98 4 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Emulsions for Biosensing 103 Buchaiah Gollapelli and Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu 4.1 Introduction 104 4.2 Fabrication of LC Emulsions 114 4.3 CLCs in Biosensor Applications 118 4.4 Challenges and Opportunities 124 4.5 Conclusions 124 5 Design and Study of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Biomedical Applications 131 Aanchal Saxena List of Abbreviations 131 5.1 Introduction 131 5.
2 Applications in Biomedicine 133 5.3 Hydrogels 135 5.4 Hardware 137 5.5 Characteristics of the Hydrogel 139 5.6 Limitations 139 5.7 Conclusions and Further Study 139 6 Colloidal Nanoparticles as Potential Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 145 Karthika Lakshmi Servarayan, Maziah Mohd Ghazaly, Manickam Sundarapandi, Jagathiswary Ganasan, Kavin Tamilselvan, Syahidatun Nisak Amir, Nur Arisya Farazuana Dzulkifli, Noor Fatin Shabira Mohd Azli, Rameshkumar Santhanam and Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy 6.1 Introduction 146 6.2 Cancer Biomarkers 149 6.
3 Colloidal NP-Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 150 6.4 Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives 157 6.5 Conclusions 158 7 Polymeric Composite Soft Materials for Anticancer Drug Delivery and Detection 165 Thangarasu Mohanraj, Thavasilingam Nagendraraj, Jamespandi Annaraj and Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha 7.1 Introduction 168 7.2 Polymer Composite Soft Material-Based Anticancer Drug Delivery 176 7.3 Polymer Composite Soft Material-Based Sensors for Anticancer Drug Detection 184 7.4 Discussion 199 7.5 Conclusion 206 8 Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material-Based Biosensors 217 Smriti Ojha, Ankita Moharana, Gowri Shankar Chintapalli, Shivendra Mani Tripathi and Sudhanshu Mishra 8.
1 Introduction 218 8.2 The Principle Behind Doped Soft Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor 219 8.3 Classification of Soft Materials 221 8.4 Physical and Chemical Behavior of Soft Material 224 8.5 Synthesis of Soft Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor 225 8.6 Application of Nano-Based Biosensor 227 8.7 Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material-Based Biosensors 227 8.8 Challenges and Limitations 228 8.
9 Conclusion 228 9 Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosomes are Detected by Biosensors Based on Soft Materials 233 Subha Ranjan Das 9.1 Introduction 233 9.2 Exosome Biogenesis, Isolation, and Study of Exosome Composition 235 9.3 Exosome Profiling 237 9.4 Exosomes Produced by Cancer: Clinical Evaluation 239 9.5 Important Biosensor-Related Components 242 9.6 Soft Material-Based Biosensors are a Recent Development in Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosome Detection 245 9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 261 10 Natural-Product-Based Soft Materials in Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 275 Shunmuga Nainar Shunmuga Nathan, Wan Iryani Wan Ismail, Piraman Shakkthivel, Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha and Mathew Mathew 10.
1 Introduction 278 10.2 Biopolymer Composite-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 281 10.3 Protein/Amino Acid-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 287 10.4 Opportunities, Future Recommendations, and Challenges 293 10.5 Conclusions 303 10.6 Acknowledgments 303 11 Recent Advances and Development in 3D Printable Biosensors 311 Lata Sheo Bachan Upadhyay and Pratistha Bhagat 11.1 Introduction 313 11.2 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Technology 317 11.
3 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Product Type 326 11.4 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Medical Applications 329 11.5 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Sensor Types 332 11.6 Conclusion 334 12 Computational Panorama of Soft Material for Biosensing Applications 341 Deepak Kajla, Dinesh Kumar Sharma and Amit Mittal 12.1 Introduction 343 12.2 Computational Application of Soft Gel Biosensing Techniques in Microfluids 349 12.3 Computational Panorama of Soft Hydrogel Technique in Diagnostics 350 12.4 Computational Landscaping of Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors and Their Applications 354 12.
5 Use of Wearable Biosensors in Computation for Treatment, Diagnosis, and Medical Monitoring 357 12.6 Computational Panorama of Optical Biosensor 359 12.7 Computational Applications of Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks 360 12.8 Hydrogel-Based Self-Supporting Materials with Computational Panorama for Flexible/Stretchable Sensors 361 12.9 Waterborne Pathogen Detection Using Biosensors and Molecular Techniques 362 12.10 Applications of Biomimetic Electrochemical Devices in Detecting 362 12.11 The Latest Developments in Hydrogels for Sensing Applications 363 12.12 Novel Aerial Image of Dissolving Microneedles Used for Transdermal Medicine Delivery 363 12.
13 Making Use of Potentiometric Biosensors to Find Biomarkers 364 12.14 Biosensor Framework Enabled by Multiphoton Effects and Machine Learning 364 12.15 Conclusion 365 13 Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors for Humans 369 Periyasamy Ananthappan, Karuppathevan Ramki, Jayalakshmi Mariakuttikan, Fatimah binti Hashim and Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha 13.1 Introduction 372 13.2 Nature of Implantable Materials 373 13.3 Importance of Soft Materials in the Field of Implantable Biosensors 373 13.4 Types of Soft Materials 377 13.5 Factors Influencing the Implantable Biosensors 382 13.
6 Applications of Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors in Humans 386 13.7 Challenges for Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors 408 13.8 Recommendation 411 13.9 Conclusions 412 14 Treatment of Diabetic Patients with Functionalized Biomaterials 423 Jyotsna Priyam 14.1 Background and Introduction 424 14.2 Mechanism of Insulin Release in Diabetes Mellitus 425 14.3 Relationship Between Diabetic Complications and Glycation Process 426 14.4 Biomaterials and Their Surface Functionalization 428 14.
5 Surface Functionalization of Biomaterials Using Surface Modification Technologies 429 14.6 Biomaterials with Natural Polymer Bases to Treat Diabetes 430 14.7 Biomaterials Based on Chitosan for the Treatment of Diabetes 432 14.8 Synthetic Polymer-Based Biomaterials for the Treatment of Diabetes 432 14.9 Hydrogel-Based Adaptable Biomaterials for Managing and Treating Diabetes 434 14.10 Topical Gel-Based Biomaterials for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Therapy 434 14.11 Creating Immunomodulatory Biomaterials to Treat Diabetes 435 14.12 Using Functionalized Biomaterials in Diabetic Wound Management 437 14.
13 Applications of Functionalized Biomaterials for Diabetes Mellitus-Related Tissue Engineering 441 14.14 Conclusion and Future Scope 442 15 Treatment and Detection of Oral Cancer Using Biosensors: Advances and Prospective 449 Shatrudhan Prajapati, Rishabha Malviya and Priyanshi Goyal 15.1 Introduction 450 15.2 Therapeutic Value of Mouth Liquids as a Bio Medium 457 15.3 Salivary Metabolomics 459 15.4 Electrochemical Biosensors 459 15.5 Biosensors on a Nanoscale 461 15.6 Conclusions 461 16 Environmental Aspect of Soft Material: Journey of Sustainable and Cost-Effective Biosensors from Lab to Industry 467 Harshita Rana, Pratichi Singh, Ashish Kumar Agrahari and Shikha Yadav 16.
1 Introduction 469 16.2 Soft Materials 469 16.3 Environmental Impact 472 16.4 Biosensors 474 16.5 Applications of Biosensors in Several Disciplines 478 16.6 Advancement in Biosensors 482 16.7 Fluorescent Tag Biosensors 483 16.8 Plasmonic Fiber Optic Biosensors 485 16.
9 Conclusion 486 References 487 Index 493.