Note to the second edition: Part I: Essays Acknowledgements Introduction to Part I: Essays Abbreviations I Introduction to the private language arguments 1. The Augustinian conception of language and Wittgenstein's early commitments 2. The place of the private language arguments in the Philosophical Investigations 3. The Great Tradition and its long shadow 4. From grammatical trivialities to metaphysical mysteries 5. The dialectic of the mental II Only I can have 1. The traditional picture and its predicaments 2. Private ownership 3.
Dispelling conceptual illusions and confusions III Only I can know 1. The roots of the problem 2. Wittgenstein's response to the classical conception 3. Wittgenstein's sketchy account of knowledge 4. The cognitive network: connective analysis 5. A different route: the functions of the verb 'to know' 6. The temptations of the received view resisted 7. Further objections rebutted IV Private ostensive definition 1.
A 'private' language 2. Names, ostensive definition and samples - a reminder 3. The vocabulary of a private language 4. Idle wheels V Men, minds and machines 1. Human beings, their parts and their bodies 2. The mind 3. Only in the stream of life . 4.
Homunculi and brains 5. Can machines think? VI Avowals and descriptions 1. Descriptions of subjective experience 2. Descriptions 3. Natural expression 4. A spectrum of cases VII Behaviour and behaviourism 1. Behaviourism in psychology and philosophy 2. Wittgenstein: first reactions 3.
Crypto-behaviourism? 4. Body and behaviour VIII Knowledge of other minds: the inner and the outer 1. Semi-solipsism 2. Inside and outside 3. The indeterminacy of the mental IX An overview of the achievements of the private language arguments 1. An overview 2. Fundamental insights 3. Fidelity to philosophical methodology 4.
Consequences and confusions X Thinking: methodological muddles and categorial confusions 1. Thinking: a muddle elevated to a mystery 2. Methodological clarifications 3. Activities of the mind 4. Processes in the mind XI Thinking: the soul of language 1. The strategic role of the argument 2. The dual-process conception 3. Thought, language and the mastery of linguistic skills 4.
Making a radical break XII Images and the imagination 1. Landmarks 2. Seeing, imagining and mental images 3. Images and pictures 4. Visual images and visual impressions 5. Imagination, intention and the will XIII I and my self 1. Historical antecedents 2. 'The I, the I is what is deeply mysterious' 3.
The eliminability of the word 'I' 4. '"I" does not refer to a person' XIV The world of consciousness 1. The world as consciousness 2. The gulf between consciousness and body 3. The certainty of consciousness XV Criteria 1. Symptoms and hypotheses 2. Symptoms and criteria 3. Further problems about criteria 4.
Evidence, knowledge and certainty. Index.