Acknowledgements Abbreviations and Symbols List of Illustrations 1: Vocatives in Action 1.1 What Are Vocatives? 1.2 Purpose and Significance 1.3 Data Source 1.4 Remarks about the Glosses and Translation 1.5 The Structure of the Book Part I. Vocatives: Forms and Types 2: Vocatives in Lebanese Arabic: Forms 2.1 Introduction 2.

2 Pronouns as Vocatives 2.3 Quantifiers as Vocatives 2.4 Nouns as Vocatives 2.5 Adjective Phrases as Vocatives 2.6 Verb Phrases as Vocatives 2.7 Prepositional Phrases as Vocatives 2.8 Complementiser Phrases as Vocatives 2.9 Vocative Particles in Lebanese Arabic 2.

9.1 The Vocative Particle ja 2.9.1.1 Prohibited ja 2.9.1.2 Required ja 2.

9.1.3 Optional ja 2.9.2 The Vocative Particle wli/wle/wla 2.9.3 The Vocative Particles ka- and wa 2.10 Conclusion 3: Vocatives in Lebanese Arabic: Types 3.

1 Introduction 3.2 Names as Vocatives 3.2.1 First Names 3.2.2 Teknonyms 3.2.3 Hypocoristics 3.

2.4 Last Names and Full Names 3.2.5 Names of Associated Entities 3.3 Honorifics as Vocatives 3.4 Kinship Terms as Vocatives 3.5 Endearments and Familiarisers as Vocatives 3.6 Terms of Abuse as Vocatives 3.

7 Conclusion 4: Exclamatory Vocatives and Non-Vocative Vocatives in Lebanese Arabic 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Exclamatory Vocatives 4.2.1 Exclamatory Vocatives in Lebanese Arabic 4.2.2 Exclamatory Vocatives in Other Languages 4.3 Non-Vocative Vocatives 4.

4 Conclusion Part II. Vocatives: Social Functions 5: Vocatives and Rapport Management: An Overview 5.1 Introduction 5.2 And the Witness Will Address This Court as ''Judge'' or ''Your Honour.'' 5.3 Vocatives and Rapport Management 5.3.1 Interactional Goals 5.

3.2 Face Sensitivities 5.3.3 Social Expectancies 5.3.4 Summary and Loose Ends 5.4 The Courtroom Scene and Rapport Management 5.5 Conclusion 6: Names and Vocative Particles: What Are They Good For? 6.

1 Introduction 6.2 What''s in a Name? 6.3 The Social Functions of Vocative Particles in Lebanese Arabic 6.3.1 The Vocative Particle ja 6.3.2 The Vocative Particle wli/wle/wla 6.3.

3 The Vocative Particle ka- 6.4 Conclusion 7: Lebanese Arabic Vocatives: What They Can Do for You! 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Vocatives as Reassurance for an Addressee in Distress 7.3 Vocatives as Upgraders of Responses to Addressee Self-Threatening Acts 7.4 Vocatives as Mitigators of Speaker-Initiated Relationship-Threatening Acts 7.5 Conclusion 8: Lebanese Arabic Vocatives: What They Can Do to You 8.1 Introduction 8.

2 Vocatives and Active Retaliatory Aggression 8.3 Vocatives and Passive Retaliatory Aggression 8.4 Vocatives and Bullying 8.5 Conclusion 9: Lebanese Arabic Vocatives: What''s in Them for Me? 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Vocatives, Self-Presentation and Self-Preservation .92.1 Self-Presentation 9.

2.2 Self-Preservation 9.3 Vocatives and Alignment Solicitation 9.3.1 Securing a Favour 9.3.2 Recruiting an Ally 9.3.

3 Seeking Understanding 9.3.4 Soliciting Topic Validation 9.4 Vocatives and Exercising Authority 9.5 Conclusion 10: Vocatives: Optionality, Multifunctionality and Interactionally Constructed Identities 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Vocatives and Optionality 10.2.

1 Vocatives as Optional 10.2.2 Vocatives as Necessary 10.2.3 Vocatives as Unexpected 10.3 The Multifunctionality of Vocatives 10.4 Vocatives and the Emergent Nature of Identity 10.5 Conclusion 11: Where Do We Go Now? 11.

1 Final Thoughts 11.2 Future Research References.