The traditional view of the Spanish Renaissance is of a battle of opposites--humanists against scholastics, and followers of Erasmus in discord with conservative Catholics. In Religious Authority in the Spanish Renaissance Lu Ann Homza presents a more subtle paradigm, recovering profound nuances in Spanish intellectual and religious history. Through analyses of Inquisition trials, biblical translations, treatises on witchcraft, and tracts on the episcopate and penance, Homza illuminates the intellectual autonomy and energy of Spain's ecclesiastics. Although historians have long known that Spanish intellectuals in the early modern period could display inconsistencies in their preferences for humanism or scholasticism, this book demonstrates how such inconsistency-or elasticity-actually played out in practice. Charting the ways in which Spanish priests and friars read and cited their sources and designed the clerical and secular estates, Homza reveals surprising movements between humanism and scholasticism. As they regarded the Bible, Church history, or the pastoral care of souls, Spanish ecclesiastics displayed more flexibility and creativity than historians previously imagined. Homza's approach is unique in Spanish scholarship; her findings considerably deepen our understanding of the Renaissance in Spain, and they have implications for our understanding of the European Renaissance as a whole.