"This book identifies a vital puzzle--why do American and European trade officials discriminate against formerly communist countries#xA0;100 percent of the time?#xA0; This outcome is unexpected, given repeated institutional rule changes since the end of the Cold War.#xA0; Horne provides a novel and compelling argument that demonstrates how and why individual beliefs and ideas matter in explaining policy outcomes." --Deborah K. Elms, Assistant Professor, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore #xA0;"Why do government agencies fail to implement their own regulations?#xA0; Cynthia M. Horne wrestles this critical question to the ground by examining how lingering Cold War perceptions of NMEs as 'the enemy' have reinforced trade discrimination.#xA0; Her five case studies of formal trade rule changes, combined with a quantitative refutation of traditional political economy explanations, clearly#xA0;illustrate the gap between formal rule changes and outcomes#xA0;while#xA0;exposing the explanatory importance of informal beliefs." --Alexandra Vacroux, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C.