This publication guides identifying sabotage targets and vulnerabilities in nuclear facilities for risk assessment and protection. This publication provides detailed guidance (i) on the identification of potential sabotage targets in a nuclear facility and possible vulnerabilities that could lead to unacceptable or high radiological consequences if an initiating event of malicious origin were to take place and (ii) on the identification of vital areas in nuclear facilities. It also includes guidance to assist States in accounting for the potential risks to a facility associated with stand-off sabotage attacks. This publication is intended to be used by States, competent authorities involved in protection against the sabotage of nuclear and other radioactive material, relevant technical and scientific support organizations, as well as the operators of associated facilities and activities.