Volume 3a Preface to the Fourth Edition xxv Part III Insecticides 1147 Overview 1149 Peter Jeschke 36 IRAC: Insecticide Resistance and Mode of Action Classification of Insecticides 1155 Ralf Nauen, Russell Slater, Thomas C. Sparks, Alfred Elbert, and Alan McCaffery 37 Insect Molting and Metamorphosis 1173 37.1 Molting Disruptors, Dipteran: Cyromazine 1173 Yeshua Sempere Molina and Sven Geibel 37.2 Ecdysone Receptor Agonists: Diacylhydrazines 1178 Luis E. Gomez, Tarlochan Singh Dhadialla, and Ronald Ross Jr 37.3 Juvenil Hormone Receptor Modulators: Pyriproxyfen 1221 Makoto Hatakoshi and Katsuya Natsuhara 38 Chitin Biosynthesis 1237 38.1 Chitin Structure and Biosynthesis 1237 Sven Geibel, Neil A. Spomer, Joel J.

Sheets, and Yeshua Sempere 38.2 Inhibitors of Chitin Biosynthesis Affecting CHS1 1243 Yeshua Sempere Molina, Neil A. Spomer, Joel J. Sheets, and Sven Geibel 38.3 Inhibitors of Chitin Biosynthesis, Type 1: Buprofezin 1252 Yeshua Sempere and Sven Geibel 38.4 Mite Growth Inhibitors Affecting CHS1: Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, and Etoxazole 1257 Ralf Nauen and Thomas Bretschneider 39 Microbial Disruptors of Insect Midgut Membranes 1275 Jeroen Van Rie 40 Metabolic Processes 1313 40.1 Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation 1313 Fergus Earley 40.1.

1 Inhibitors of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase 1314 Fergus Earley, Roger Hall, and Josef Ehrenfreund 40.2 Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation via Disruption of the Proton the Gradient 1326 David Kuhn, Nigel Armes, and Catia Sazaki 40.3 Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Electron Transport: Acaricides and Insecticides 1333 Peter Lümmen, Thomas C. Sparks, Carl V. DeAmicis, Mark A. Dekeyser, Takashi Furuya, Motofumi Nakano, Shinsuke Fujioka, and Kozo Machiya 40.3.1 Introduction: The Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain 1333 40.

3.2 Mitochondrial Complex I Electron Transport Inhibitors 1335 40.3.3 Mitochondrial Complex II Electron Transport Inhibitors 1344 40.3.3.4 Pyflubumide 1350 Takashi Furuya, Motofumi Nakano, Shinsuke Fujioka, and Kozo Machiya 40.3.

3.5 Binding Modes, Target-Site Mutations, and Species Selectivity of Complex II Inhibitors 1361 40.3.4 Mitochondrial Complex III Electron Transport Inhibitors 1363 40.3.5 Mitochondrial Complex III Electron Transport Inhibitors - Qi site: Flometoquin 1372 Takeru Kobayashi, Ryo Horikoshi, and Andrew J. Crossthwaite 40.4 Inhibitors of Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase 1379 Peter Jeschke, Reiner Fischer, and Ralf Nauen 40.

4.1 Introduction 1379 40.4.2 Taget Site Mutations of Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase 1380 40.4.3 Tetronic Acid Derivatives: Spirodiclofen and Spiromesifen 1383 Peter Jeschke, Reiner Fischer, and Ralf Nauen 40.4.4 Tetramic Acid Derivatives: Spirotetramat 1397 Peter Jeschke, Reiner Fischer, and Ralf Nauen 40.

4.5 Tetramic Acid Derivatives: Spiropidion 1408 Anke Buchholz and Michel Muehlebach 40.4.6 Tetramic Acid Derivatives: Spidoxamat 1421 Reiner Fischer, Christian Marienhagen, and Ralf Nauen 41 Nervous System 1429 41.1 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Competitive Modulators, Allosteric Modulators, and Channel Blockers: Target and Selectivity Aspects 1429 Peter Jeschke, Ralf Nauen, and Michael Edmund Beck 41.2 Chemical Structural Features of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Competitive Modulators 1481 Peter Jeschke 41.2.1 Introduction 1481 41.

2.2 Active Ingredients of the IRAC MoA Subgroup 4A 1482 41.2.3 Active Ingredients of the IRAC MoA Subgroups 4C to 4E 1485 41.2.4 Neonicotinoids 1487 41.2.4.

1 Noncyclic Neonicotinoids 1487 Peter Jeschke 41.2.4.2 Five-Membered Heterocycles: Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid 1517 Peter Jeschke and Koichi Moriya 41.2.4.3 Six-Membered Heterocycles: Thiamethoxam and AKD 1022 1537 Peter Maienfisch 41.2.

5 Sulfoximines: Sulfoxaflor 1566 Thomas C. Sparks, Michael R. Loso, Trent Perry, Frank J. Wessels, Ann M. Buysse, Benjamin M. Nugent, Vincent J. Kramer, Luis E. Gomez, Imre Mezei, David G.

J. Mann, Nick X. Wang, and Gerald B. Watson Volume 3b Preface to the Fourth Edition xxvii 41.2.6 Butenolides: Flupyradifurone 1599 Peter Jeschke, Ralf Nauen, Robert Velten, Michael E. Beck, Matthias Haas, Christian Funke, and Georg Raupach 41.2.

7 Mesoionics 1626 41.2.7.1 Triflumezopyrim 1626 Daniel Cordova, Wenming Zhang, Caleb W. Holyoke Jr, James D. Barry, Vineet Singh, Isaac B. Annan, Luis A.F.

Teixeira, and John L. Andreassi 41.2.7.2 Fenmezoditiaz 1642 Joachim Dickhaut, Martin Weisel, Huazhang Huang, Lixin Mao, Barbara Wedel, Colin Ehnes, and Kai Ristau 41.2.8 Pyridinylidenes: Flupyrimin 1651 Ryo Horikoshi, Takehito Terajima, Kenji Shimomura, and Motohiro Tomizawa 41.3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Allosteric Modulators - Site I: Spinosyns 1659 Thomas C.

Sparks, Natalie C. Giampietro, Trent Perry, Frank Wessels, David G.J. Mann, Babu Raman, John Daeuble, M. Paige Oliver, Gary D. Crouse, Gerald B. Watson, James E. Dripps, and Imre Mezei 41.

4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Allosteric Modulators - Site II: GS-Omega/Kappa HxTx-Hv1a Peptide 1687 Dara G. Stockton 41.5 Sodium Channel Modulators 1702 Peter Jeschke 41.6 Voltage-dependent Sodium Channel Blockers 1718 41.6.1 Oxadiazines: Indoxacarb 1718 Stephen F. McCann, Daniel Cordova, John T. Andaloro, and George P.

Lahm 41.6.2 Semicarbazone: Metaflumizone 1734 David Kuhn, Kazuhiro Takagi, Tomokazu Hino, Nigel Armes, and Desirée Hodges 41.7 GABA-gated Chloride Channel Blockers 1744 41.7.1 Phenylpyrazoles: Ethiprole and Fipronil 1744 Vincent L. Salgado, Keith A. Holmes, Lixin Mao, and Stefan Schnatterer 41.

8 GABA-gated Chloride Channel Allosteric Modulators 1782 41.8.1 Meta-diamides: Broflanilide 1782 Toshifumi Nakao and Shinichi Banba 41.8.2 Isoxazolines: Fluxametamide 1791 Takeshi Mita, Yuki Furukawa, Motoyoshi Iwasa, Takamasa Kikuchi, Miho Asahi, and Mitsuaki Komoda 41.8.3 Isoxazolines: Isocycloseram 1801 Jérôme Cassayre and Myriem El Qacemi 41.9 Glutamate-gated Chloride Channel Allosteric Modulators: Avermectins and Milbemycins 1815 Ottmar Franz Hüter and Thomas Pitterna 42 Chordotonal Organ TRPV Channel Modulators 1839 42.

1 Pyridine Azomethine Derivatives: Pymetrozine and Pyrifluquinazon 1839 Peter Maienfisch 42.2 Pyropenes: Afidopyropen 1856 Desirée M. Hodges, Anna K. Hoffarth, Ryo Horikoshi, Christopher Koradin, James Machamer, Christoph Schissler, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Robert R. Svadlenak, and Siddharth Tiwari 42.3 Indazapyroxamet 1868 Wenming Zhang, Daniel Cordova, Jason Hamm, Billy Annan, David Clark, and Suobao Rong 43 Chordotonal Organ Modulators 1879 43.1 Chordotonal Organ Nicotinamidase Inhibitors: Flonicamid 1879 Peter Maienfisch 43.2 Chordotonal Organ Modulators - Undefined Target Site: Dimpropyridaz 1890 Barbara Wedel, Desirée Hodges, and Karsten Koerber 44 New Unknown Mode of Action 1899 44.

1 Pyridalyl 1899 Shigeru Saito and Noriyasu Sakamoto 44.2 Benzpyrimoxan 1906 Eikoh Satoh 45 Insecticides Affecting Calcium Homeostasis 1913 45.1 Ryanodine Receptor Modulators: Diamides 1913 Peter Lümmen, Ulrich Ebbinghaus-Kintscher, Takao Masaki, Hiroshi Hamaguchi, and Takashi Hirooka 45.2 Phthalic Acid Diamide: Flubendiamide 1923 Ulrich Ebbinghaus-Kintscher, Peter Lümmen, Takao Masaki, Hiroshi Hamaguchi, and Takashi Hirooka 45.3 Anthranilic Diamides: Chlorantraniliprole and Cyantraniliprole 1929 George P. Lahm, Daniel Cordova, James D. Barry, John T. Andaloro, Isaac B.

Annan, Paula C. Marcon, Hector E. Portillo, Luis A. Teixeira, Thomas M. Stevenson, and Thomas P. Selby 45.4 Anthranilic Diamide: Cyclaniliprole 1949 Masamitsu Tsukamoto, Taku Hamamoto, Satoko Fujii, Chiaki Takeda, Yusuke Kumakura, and Masayuki Morita 45.5 Anthranilic Diamide: Tetraniliprole 1960 Rüdiger Fischer, Christian Funke, Sergii Pazenok, and Matthieu Willot 46 Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Inhibitors 1975 46.

1 Oxazosulfyl 1975 Mai Ito, Shinya Nishimura, and Yoshihiko Nokura 47 Nematicides 1979 47.1 IRAC: Nematicide Mode of Action Classification 1979 Peter Maienfisch 47.2 Mitochondrial Complex II Electron Transport Inhibitors - Succinate-coenzyme Q Reductase 2010 47.2.1 Fluopyram 2010 Peter Lümmen, Svenja Bellof, and Helmut Fürsch 47.2.2 Cyclobutrifluram 2023 Olivier Loiseleur, Anthony Flemming, Torsten Luksch, Brigitte Slaats, Matthias Gaberthueel, Marcus Guest, and Richard Currie 47.3 Compounds of Unknown or Uncertain Mode of Action 2037 47.

3.1 Fluazaindolizine 2037 George P. Lahm, John A. Wiles, Daniel Cordova, Tim Thoden, Johan Desaeger, Ben K. Smith, Thomas F. Pahutski, Michel A. Rivera, Tony Meloro, Roman Kucharczyk, Renee M. Lett, Anne Daly, and Brenton T.

Smith 47.3.2 Fluazaindolizine (Addendum) 2047 Tim Thoden,.