Series Foreword Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Geography Overview 1 Biosphere Reserves and National Parks Bodies of Water Cities Climate Policy and Recycling Demographics Mountain Ranges Transportation Chapter 2: History Overview 19 Timeline Adenauer, Konrad (1876-1967) Berlin Wall Bismarck, Otto Von (1815-1898) Catherine the Great (1729-1796) Charlemagne (748-814) Clausewitz, Carl Von (1780-1831) Frank, Anne (1929-1945) Hindenburg, Paul Von (1847-1934) Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) Honecker, Erich (1912-1994) Marx, Karl (1818-1883) Wilhelm II (1859-1941) Chapter 3: Government and Politics Overview Armed Forces Citizenship Constitutions Die Wende Foreign Policy The German Welfare State Germany and the European Union Germany and the United States Government and Politics in the German Democratic Republic Merkel, Angela (1954-) Political Parties Regional Government/Federalism Sports and Government Tax Policy Chapter 4: Economy Overview 83 Agriculture Banking Corporations in Germany Currency Energy Equal Pay Act Frankfurt Stock Exchange German Automobile Industry Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Guest Workers Manufacturing Services Industry Trade Working in Germany Chapter 5: Religion and Thought Overview Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906-1945) Contemporary Attitudes toward Religion Germanic Religions Holocaust Islam in Germany Judaism in Germany Luther, Martin (1483-1546) Pope Benedict XVI (1927-) The Reformation Religious Wars Saint Boniface (675-745) Chapter 6: Social Classes and Ethnicity Overview Aristocracy and the Elites The Grey Culture Immigration Jews in Germany Nationalism Poverty Refugees Roma and Sinti Sudeten Germans Turks in Germany Chapter 7: Gender, Marriage, and Sexuality Overview Child Custody Laws Civil Unions and Same-Sex Marriage Feminism Gender Roles in Germany LGBTQ Life in Modern Germany Representation in Government Weddings and Divorce Women in the Workforce Chapter 8: Education Overview DAAD Education in the German Democratic Republic German Universities and Fachhochschulen Goethe-Institut Libraries Max Planck Gesellschaft Primary and Secondary Education Schultüte Vocational Training ( Duale Ausbildung ) Chapter 9: Language Overview Development of the Script Foreign Influences on German Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache Grammar Important Figures in the Study of the German Language Institut für deutsche Sprache Language Development in Divided Germany Language Development in the Third Reich Orthography and Reforms Sprachgesellschaften (Language Societies) Standard and Dialect Chapter 10: Etiquette Overview Etiquette for Major Life Events Formal and Informal Greetings and Leave-Taking Knigge Punctuality Regional Clothing Shopping Chapter 11: Literature and Drama 247 Overview Biedermeier (1815-1830), Junges Deutschland (1830-1850), and Vormärz (1830-1848) The Early Modern Period (ca. 1550-1750) The Enlightenment ( Aufklärung ) (1680-1789) Exile Literature ( Exilliteratur ) Expressionism ( Expressionismus ) and Its Successors (1905-1925) Literature of the German Democratic Republic The Middle Ages (ca. 718-1500) Post-Wall Literature (ca. 1989-2005) Postwar Literature Realism and Naturalism ( Realismus and Naturalismus ) (1848-1899) Romanticism ( Romantik ) (1788-1835) Storm and Stress ( Sturm und Drang ) (1767-1785) Turn-of-the-Century Literature ( Jahrhundertwende ) (1880-1920) Twenty-First-Century German Literature Weimar Classicism ( Weimarer Klassik ) (ca. 1772-1805) Chapter 12: Art and Architecture Overview Architecture Artists Bauhaus and Walter Gropius Carolingian Renaissance Decorative Arts Biedermeier and Jugendstil Degenerate Art East German Art Kollwitz, Käthe (1867-1945) Museums Naturalism Chapter 13: Music and Dance Overview 309 Bausch, Pina (1940-2009) Bayreuth Cabaret Contemporary Popular Music Dietrich, Marlene (1901-1992) German Folk Music and Dance Musical Periods and Composers Orchestras Chapter 14: Food Overview Beer Bread Cake and Coffee ( Kaffee und Kuchen ) Food and Drink in the German Democratic Republic Food Laws in Germany German Sausages Oktoberfest Regional Specialties Wine Chapter 15: Leisure and Sports Overview Beckenbauer, Franz (1945-) Becker, Boris (1967-) Bundesliga FIFA World Cups Graf, Steffi (1969-) Leisure and Sports in the German Democratic Republic Olympic Games Schrebergärten Vereine Witt, Katarina (1965-) Chapter 16: Media and Popular Culture Overview Americanization Boulevard Press Fashion Designers Film Journalism under the Nazi Regime Ostalgie Media Photography Rundfunkgebühren Springer, Axel (1912-1985) Tatort Appendix A: A Day in the Life A Day in the Life of a Server and Cook (Doris O.) 389 A Day in the Life of a Foreign-Language Secretary (Marianne S.) A Day in the Life of a Mechatronic Technician (Dieter M.) 390 A Day in the Life of a Retired Administrator (Eva L.
) 391 A Day in the Life of a Student and Teacher (Irma B.) 392 Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix C: Facts and Figures Appendix D: Holidays Selected Bibliography Index.