Table of Contents Chapter 1: What is the role of construction industry in the climate crisis? 1.1. Climate Crisis Components 1.1.1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential (GWP) 1.1.2.
Resource Consumption 1.2. What can (should) the construction industry do? 1.3. Carbon footprint of buildings 1.4. The influence of structural systems on the building carbon footprint 1.4.
1. Role of Construction Materials 1.4.2. The impact of construction materials on biodiversity 1.5. Key strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of structural systems 1.6.
Conclusion 1.7. Questions 1.8. References Chapter 2: A summary of Life-Cycle Analysis focusing on embodied carbon of steel, timber and concrete 2.1. Introduction to Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) 2.2.
The Stages of Life-Cycle Analysis for Building Structures 2.2.1. Life-Cycle Stage A (A0 to A5): Pre-Construction, Product, and Construction Stages 2.2.2. In-Use Stage (B1 to B5) 2.2.
3. End-of-Life Stage (C1 to C4): Demolition, Waste Management, Recycling 2.2.4. Beyond Life Stage (D) 2.3. Upfront Carbon (A1 to A3) for Steel, Concrete, and Timber construction products 2.3.
1. Steel Upfront Carbon (A1 to A3) 2.3.2. Concrete Upfront Carbon (A1 to A3) 2.3.3. Timber Upfront Carbon (A1 to A3) 2.
3.4. Common upfront (A1-A3) carbon factors in literature 2.3.5. Carbon Emission Breakdown Examples for (A1 to A3) stage 2.4. Construction Stage Carbon for Building Structures (A4 to A5) 2.
4.1. Steel Construction Stage Carbon (A4 to A5) 2.4.2. Concrete Construction Stage Carbon (A4 to A5) 2.4.3.
Timber Construction Stage Carbon (A4 to A5) 2.4.4. Carbon Emission Breakdown Examples for (A1 to A5) stage 2.5. End-of-Life Stages 2.5.1.
Deconstruction (C1) 2.5.2. Waste Transport (C2) 2.5.3. Waste Processing (C3) and Disposal (C4) 2.5.
4. Examples, life cycle stages A to C 2.6. Beyond the Life Cycle (D) 2.7. Embodied carbon intensity rating systems 2.8. Conclusion 2.
9. Questions 2.10. References Chapter 3: Embodied Carbon in Building Structures 3.1 Bill of Quantity 3.2 Embodied carbon "equivalent" 3.3 Scope 3 Emissions and Embodied Carbon 3.4 Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) 3.
4.1 Steel EPD Examples 3.4.2 Concrete EPD Examples 3.4.3 Timber EPD Examples 3.4.5 Comparison of LC Steps of Several EPDs 3.
4.6 Average embodied carbon factors for different construction materials 3.5 Measuring and Normalizing Embodied Carbon 3.5.1 Embodied Carbon Intensity 3.5.2 Comparison of Different EPDs in a Building Case Study 3.5.
3 Embodied Carbon Rating System 3.6 Strategies for Reducing Embodied Carbon 3.6.1 Steel 3.6.2 Concrete 3.6.3 Timber 3.
7 Practical Exercise: Example of Calculation of Embodied Carbon Intensity of a multi-storey building 3.7.1 Presentation of the Case Study 3.7.2 Calculation of Quantities 3.7.3 Carbon Factors for Materials 3.7.
4 Upfront Carbon Calculation (Modules A1 to A5) 3.7.5 End-of-Life (Stage C) Carbon Calculation 3.7.6 Beyond Life-Cycle Carbon Calculation (Stage D) 3.8 Conclusion 3.9 More exercises 3.10 Discussion and Review Questions 3.
11 References Chapter 4: Sensitivity Analysis and Structural Optimization, Component Level (Saber) 4.1 Columns (steel, timber, concrete, composite) 4.2 Beams (IPE, HEA, truss, steel, timber, reinforced concrete) 4.3 Composite vs non-composite slab (produce examples using Arcelor tool) 4.4 Worked examples (Saber SD homeworks) 4.5 Case study from practice (? if needed, Invited authors) 4.6 Conclusion 4.7 Exercises 4.
8 Questions 4.9 References Chapter 5: Conceptual design optioneering for optimized embodied carbon 5.1 Why is optioneering at the conceptual design stage is important? 5.2 Buildings and assumptions used for benchmarking 5.2.1 Calculation of the Gross Internal Area (GIA) of the benchmark buildings 5.2.2 Selection of the embodied carbon factors to use in the study 5.
2.3 What is very important to know during the selection of carbon factors? 5.3 Early-Stage design alternatives using representative portions 5.3.1 Reinforced Concrete Building Portion 5.3.2 Steel Building Portion 5.4 The impact of tubular profiles and higher strength steel 5.
5 Influence of the carbon factor selection on the final results 5.5.1 Impact of the structural steel carbon factor 5.5.2 Effects of Steel Sourcing (Virgin, Scrap, Reclaimed) 5.5.3 Influence of Transportation Distances 5.5.
4 Role of connection complexity 5.6 What if we use a hybrid approach combining CLT slabs with a Steel frame? 5.7 How to account for uncertainty of input carbon factors? 5.8 Questions 5.9 References Chapter 6: Balancing the costs and carbon footprint during conceptual design 1.1 The need for a new advanced option for conceptual design 1.2 Decisions given at a conceptual design of building structures.