Preface1. An Introduction to Ethics and Ethical TheoriesEthics, Theoretical Ethics, and Applied Ethics / Alternative Sources of Solutions / Ethical Theories / Evaluating Ethical Theories / Some Traditional Assumptions of Ethical Theories / Basic Themes Associated with Ethics2. The Divine Command TheoryThe Divine Command Theory / Justifications for the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Divine Commands, Human Freedom, and Morally Significant Actions / The Divine Command Theory and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / The Divine Command Theory and the Basic Ethical Themes / Problems with the Divine Command Theory3. Ethical RelativismOne Version of Ethical Relativism / Ethical Relativism and Tolerance / Justification for the Ethical Standard and Related Strengths of the Theory / Determining Morally Significant Actions / Ethical Relativism and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Ethical Relativism and the Four Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Ethical Relativism with Divine Command Theory / Problems with Ethical Relativism4. Ethical Egoism and Ethical SubjectivismEthical Egoism / Justifications for the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Morally Significant Actions / Ethical Egoism and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Ethical Egoism and the Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Ethical Egoism with Ethical Relativism / Problems with Ethical Egoism / The Evaluation of Ethical Egoism / Ethical Subjectivism / Emotivism / Emotivism as an Ethical Theory / Justifications for the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Morally Significant Actions / The Emotive Ethical Theory and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / The Emotive Ethical Theory and the Four Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting the Emotive Ethical Theory with Ethical Egoism / Problems with the Emotive Ethical Theory / Evaluation of the Emotive Ethical Theory5. Kantian Ethical TheoryRules and Action / Developing the Kantian Ethical Insight / Rational Beings, Persons and Moral Laws / The Ethical Standard of Kantian Ethics / Legitimate Moral Laws / Justification of the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Determining Morally Significant Actions / Kantian Ethics and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Kantian Ethics and the Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Kantian Ethics with Ethical Egoism / Problems with Kantian Ethics6. Act and Rule UtilitarianismAct Utilitarianism and Ethical Egoism / Utilitarianism / Jeremy Bentham and Act Utilitarianism / Act Utilitarian Calculations / Justification of the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Determining Morally Significant Actions / Act Utilitarianism and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Act Utilitarianism and the Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Act Utilitarianism with the Kantian Ethical Theory / Problems with Act Utilitarianism / Mill''s Utilitarianism / Mill and Moral Rules / Mill''s Idea of Justice / Two Problems with Mill''s Version of Utilitarianism / Rule Utilitarianism7. The Moral Rights TheoryWhat are Moral Rights? / Another View of Moral Rights: Entitlement Rights / Who Has Moral Rights? / Basic Rights / Justification of the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Determining Morally Significant Actions / Moral Rights and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Moral Rights and the Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Moral Rights with Act Utilitarianism / Problems with the Theory8.

Virtue EthicsVirtue Ethics, Well-Being, and Reasoning / Intellectual Virtues / Moral Virtues and Vices / The Ethical Person / Justification of the Ethical Standard and Strengths of the Theory / Determining Morally Significant Actions / Virtue Ethics and the Traditional Ethical Assumptions / Virtue Ethics and the Basic Ethical Themes / Contrasting Virtue Ethics with Moral Rights Theory / Problems with Virtue Ethics9. The Ethic of CareThe Background to Noddings'' Theory / Natural and Ethical Caring / The Ethical Ideal and the Ethical Standard / The Limit of Ethical Caring and Morally Sign.