1: HISTORY OF STEELMAKING 1.1 How it all began 1.2 First attempts at steelmaking 1.3 Steelmaking process evolution 2: STEELMAKING PROCESSES 2.1 Raw Materials 2.2 Physical chemistry of ironmaking 2.3 Physical chemistry of steelmaking 2.4 Coke Making 2.
5 Sintering 2.6 Blast Furnace 2.7 Basic Oxygen Furnace 2.8 Electric Arc Furnace 2.9 Smelting Reduction 2.10 Efficiency improvements 2.11 Improvements in energy consumption and production 2.12 CO2 reduction techniques 3: INTRODUCTION TO THE BIO STEEL CYCLE 3.
1 BF/BOF route carbon capture 3.2 BF/BOF off-heat utilisation 3.3 Renewable energy technologies 3.4 DAC Woodlands 3.5 CEPS 3.6 Geomimetic® Process 3.7 Anaerobic digestion, sewage treatment 3.8 Biogas, biomass and hydrogen 3.
9 CAT, CCS and CCUS 4: THE KEY COMPONENTS OF THE BISC 4.1 Introducing the BiSC key components for net-zero carbon steel manufacturing 4.2 BF/BOF route carbon capture 4.3 BF/BOF off-heat utilisation 4.4 Renewable energy technologies 4.5 DAC Woodlands 4.6 CEPS 4.7 Geomimetic® Process 4.
8 Anaerobic digestion, sewage treatment 4.9 Biogas, biomass and hydrogen 4.10 Decarbonisation of the steel industry: CAT, CCS and CCUS technologies 5: SEVEN STEPS OF IMPLEMENTING THE BISC 5.1 Step 1 - Switching to green energy providers 5.2 Step 2 - Installing renewable energy technology 5.3 Step 3 - Replacing coal & coke with biomass 5.4 Step 4 - Installation of carbon capture flue stack filters 5.5 Step 5 - Utilisation of captured carbon in concrete & food production 5.
6 Step 6 - Process improvement in steel manufacturing 5.7 Step 7 - Biogas from anaerobic digestion 6: THE CARBON AVOIDING, SAVING AND REDUCING EFFECTS OF THE BISC KEY COMPONENTS 6.1 BF/BOF route carbon capture 6.2 BF/BOF off-heat utilisation 6.3. Renewable energy technologies 6.4 DAC Woodlands 6.5 CEPS 6.
6 Geomimetic® Process 6.7 Anaerobic digestion, sewage treatment 6.8 Biogas, biomass and hydrogen 6.9 CAT, CCS and CCUS 7 TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES TO AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE BISC CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION 7.1 Challenges 7.2 Opportunities 8: MACRO AND MICRO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BISC CONCEPT 8.1 Policy 8.2 Markets analysis 9: SKILLS SETS REQUIRED WITHIN THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS AND SECTORS 9.
1 Solar 9.2 Wind 9.3 Hydro 9.4 Geothermal 9.5 Green Hydrogen 9.6 Infrastructural Civil Engineering to create required networks 10: THE FUTURE OF GREEN STEEL 10.1 EU 10.2 US 10.
3 Brazil 10.4 Russia 10.5 India 10.6 China 10.7 Australia 10.8 Canada 10.9 UK 10.10 Norway 11 AN IDEALISED TIMELINE OF POSSIBILITIES 11.
1 Political and legislative 11.2 All-encompassing industrial response 11.3 Investment in people 11.4 Infrastructural improvement 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUGGESTIONS 12.1 Recognition of contemporary issues 12.2 Initiatives to remedy the damage caused by industry 12.3 CO2 free steel production is possible.