This book analyses how sport influences the culture, history and education of modern European societies. It examines the role of gymnastics and sport in the process of nationbuilding, the emergence of internationalism and universalism as manifested in the Olympic movement, as well as related anthropological and ethical issues. It also considers the specific contribution of exercise, sport and games to freedom and peace. This book will be of interest to readers seeking a deeper understanding of the culture and history of sport and physical education. Michael Krüger served as Professor of Sports Pedagogy and History in the department of Sport Science at the University of Münster, Germany, until 2023. He holds a PhD in History and a postdoctoral degree in Sport Science, with a habilitation in physical culture and nation-building. He is the author of several publications on sport-historical, sport-pedagogical, sport-sociological and sport-political topics.