Do people have special rights in a place if they are one of the locals there? The belief that they do is common worldwide. Yet, entitlement to place has little role in most accounts of migration politics. Instead, migration politics commentary is a showdown between culture and economics, in-group identities and material incentives. In Strangers and Settlers, Bethany Lacina provides the first global study of nativism that features a unified account of the drivers of backlash against international and domestic migration. Drawing from forty years of global public opinion surveys conducted in 146 countries; detailed census records from 70 countries spanning the mid-1950s to now; and a wealth of comparative information on both migration policy and nativist activism, Lacina describes a world of nested hierarchies of locals, offering new insights about migration politics. As she shows, both domestic and international migration politics take place within a nativist status quo. Being local is normative even within national and ethnic groups and when the material stakes of migration are low. Governments use a range of policies to ensure locals maintain political and economic superiority over newcomers, particularly international migrants.

An unprecedentedly comprehensive study, Strangers and Settlers shows that the status quo throughout the world is nativism, but the key to making sense of its variety is understanding whether and how regimes, residents, and newcomers clash over controlling who is local.