Preface Venkatamaran Lakshmi v Introduction Venkatamaran Lakshmi 1 Section 1: OBSERVATIONS Lidar Measurements of the Dimensionless Humidity Gradient in the Unstable Atmosphere Surface Layer William E. Eichinger, Marc B. Parlange, and Gabriel G. Katul 7 Time Difference Methods for Monitoring Regional Scale Heat Fluxes with Remote Sensing William P. Kustas, George R. Diak, and John M. Norman 15 Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks Within Canopies Using Forward and Inverse Methods Gabriel G. Katul, Chun-Ta Lai, Mario Siqueira, Karina Schafer, John D.

Albertson, Karen H. Wesson, David Ellsworth, and Ram Oren 31 Ground-Based Soil Moisture and Soil Hydraulic Property Observations in Regional Scale Experiments Richard H. Cuenca and Shaun F. Kelly 47 Section 2: MODELING Bounding the Parameters of Land-Surface Schemes Using Observational Data Luis A . Bastidas, Hoshin V. Gupta, and Soroosh Sorooshian 65 A Priori Estimation of Land Surface Model Parameters Quingyun Duan, John Schaake, and Victor Koren 77 Comparing GCM-Generated Land Surface Water Budgets Using a Simple Common Framework Randall D. Koster, Paul A. Dirmeyer, P.

C. D. Milly, and Gary L. Russell 95 Development and Application of Land Surface Models for Mesoscale Atmospheric Models: Problems and Promises Fei Chen, Roger A. Pielke Sr., and Kenneth Mitchell 107 Evaluation of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Water and Energy Budgets Using Macroscale Hydrologic Model Simulations Edwin P. Maurer, Greg M. O'Donnell, Dennis P.

Lettenmaier, and John O. Roads 137 Section 3: INTEGRATION OF OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING The Effect of Sub-Grid Variability of Soil Moisture on the Simulation of Mesoscale Watershed Hydrology: A Case Study From the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment Karen I . Mohr, James S. Famiglietti, and Aaron Boone 161 Assimilation of fAPAR and Surface Temperature Into a Land Surface and Vegetation Model Wolfgang Knorr and Venkataraman Lakshmi 177 Experimental Design and Initial Results From the Mahurangi River Variability Experiment: MARVEX Ross Woods, Roger Grayson, Andrew Western, Maurice Duncan, David Wilson, Roger Young, Richard Ibbitt, Roddy Henderson, and Tom McMahon 201 Integration of Land Observations and Modeling: Experiences and Strategies of a Large Scale Experiment Richard G. Lawford 215 Hydrological Implications of the El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Observations and Hydrologic Forecasting Thomas C. Piechota, Francis H. S. Chiew, and John A.

Dracup 231.