INTRODUCTION : Terrorism and Its Future * The Changes Wrought by the Fourth Wave PART I: HISTORY AND THE INVENTION OF TERRORISM 1. The History and Emergence of Modern Terrorism 2. Writings on Tyranny and the Origins of the Philosophy of the Bomb * Russia's Terrorism as a Doctrine 3. Turkey, India, and the Russian Example * Terrorism by Indian Nationalists and Former Pacifists 4. Propaganda by the Deed * Arms and the Class Struggle: Spain and the United States * Terrorism and Nationalism 5. The Philosophy of the Bomb and the Far Right * The Right Wing Elsewhere * The History of Terrorism 6. Final Remarks on the History of Terrorism PART II: CONTEMPORARY TERRORISM 7. The New Face of Terrorism * What Was IS Successful? 8.

A Truncated History of IS * The Iraq War and the Emergence of Al-Qaeda in Iraq * How Iraqi Politics Created Islamic State * The Arab Spring, Al-Qaeda, and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria * The Jabhat Al-Nusra Threat, the Khorasan Group, and the Co-Optation of Islamic State's Credibility * Stymied Iraqi Reforms, Islamic State's Decline Since 2014, and the Future of Terrorism 9. Beyond Islamic State * Religion and a Globalized Decentralized Ideology * Al-Qaeda and Islamic State: Battle of Egos in the Process of Final Victory * The (Not) Forever War: What Is Beyond Islamic State? 10. The Battlefields of the Future * Yemen: A Regional Cold War Fought Through Proxies * Libya: A Mosaic Civil War * Afghanistan: The Legacy of Failed State Reconstruction * Where to Next? 11. Terrorism in Europe and in the United States * The Lone-Wolf Phenomenon * The Foreign Fighter Flow * The Islamic State Threat to Europe * The Terrorism Threat in the United States * Terrorism Going Forward? PART III: REFLECTIONS ON TERRORISM 12. The Culture of Modern Terrorism * IS and the Nature of Evil * Jihad Cool 13. Terrorism Misinterpreted * Terrorism and the Psychiatrists 14. Economic Explanations of Terrorism * Terrorist Organizations as Industrial Activity * Why Is Terrorism Effective?: The Club Goods Theory * Terrorism as Theater and the Macro/Micro Divide Within Conflicts * The Economics of Terrorism 15. Religious Violence and Terrorism * Suicide Terrorism * Refugees 16.

Terrorism: The Future * Lessons from the Current Wave of Terrorism * When Terrorism Prevails? * So What About This Current Wave of Terrorism? EPILOGUE : Terrorism Under President Trump Index.