Section I The Tenets 1 Taxonomy 1.1 Classifying Surgical Pathology 1.2 Informing Surgical Strategy 1.3 Neuroanatomy 1.4 Neuroradiology 1.5 Neurology 1.6 Neurosurgery 1.7 Seven Cavernomas Framework 2 Subarachnoid Dissection 2.
1 Seven Surgical Corridors 2.1.1 Cerebral Sulci 2.1.2 Sylvian Fissure 2.1.3 Interhemispheric Fissure 2.1.
4 Ventricular System 2.1.5 Tentorial Fissure 2.1.6 Cerebellopontine Cistern 2.1.7 Cisterna Magna 2.2 Conclusion 3 Triangle Concept 3.
1 The Triangle Concept 3.2 A System of Anatomical Triangles 3.3 Midbrain Triangles 3.3.1 Carotid-Oculomotor Triangle 3.3.2 Oculomotor-Tentorial Triangle 3.3.
3 Supracerebellar-Supratrochlear and Supracerebellar-Infratrochlear Triangles 3.3.4 Infragalenic Triangle 3.4 Pontine Triangles 3.4.1 Posteromedial (Kawase) Triangle 3.4.2 Glossopharyngeal-Cochlear Triangle 3.
4.3 Supra- and Infratrigeminal Triangles 3.4.4 Interlobular Triangle 3.5 Medullary Triangles 3.5.1 Vertebrobasilar Junctional Triangle 3.5.
2 Subtonsillar Triangle 3.5.3 Vagoaccessory Triangle 3.5.4 Cerebellar Vallecular Triangle 3.6 Thalamic and Basal Ganglial Triangles 3.6.1 Supracarotid-Infrafrontal Triangle 3.
6.2 Caudate-Thalamostriate Triangle 3.6.3 Septocaudate Triangle 3.6.4 Infragalenic Triangle 3.7 Cerebral and Cerebellar Triangles 3.7.
1 Vallecular Triangle 3.7.2 Interlobular Triangle 3.8 Clinical Evidence 3.9 Conclusion 4 Arterial Landmarks 4.1 Rivers of the Brain 4.2 Middle Cerebral Arteries 4.3 Anterior Cerebral Arteries 4.
4 Internal Carotid Artery 4.5 Posterior Cerebral Arteries 4.6 Superior Cerebellar Artery 4.7 Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery 4.8 Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery 4.9 Arterial Dissection Codes 5 Safe Entry Zones 5.1 From Inoperable to Operable 5.2 Clinical Evidence 5.
3 The Safety of Safe Entry Zones 5.4 The 21 Brainstem Safe Entry Zones 5.5 Midbrain Safe Entry Zones 5.5.1 Interpeduncular Zone 5.5.2 Anterior Mesencephalic Zone 5.5.
3 Lateral Mesencephalic Sulcus Zone 5.5.4 Intercollicular Zone 5.5.5 Supracollicular and Infracollicular Zones 5.6 Pontine Safe Entry Zones 5.6.1 Supratrigeminal and Infratrigeminal 5.
6.2 Middle Cerebellar Peduncle or Lateral Pontine 5.6.3 Area Acustica 5.6.4 Median Sulcus (Pons) 5.6.5 Suprafacial Collicular 5.
6.6 Superior Foveal 5.6.7 Pontomedullary Sulcus 5.7 Medullary Safe Entry Zones 5.7.1 Anterolateral Sulcus 5.7.
2 Olive 5.7.3 Posterolateral Sulcus and Lateral Medullary 5.7.4 Median Sulcus (Medulla) 5.7.5 Infrafacial Collicular 5.7.
6 Posterior Median Sulcus 5.7.7 Posterior Intermediate Sulcus 5.8 Accuracy of Preoperative MRI in Determining Surface Proximity 5.9 Neuronavigation, Hemosiderin Stain, and Neuromonitoring 5.10 Brainstem CM Taxonomy and Associated SEZs 6 Resection Technique 6.1 The Mulberry 6.2 Extracapsular Resection Technique 6.
3 Intracapsular Resection Technique 6.4 Brain Transgression 6.5 Technical Overview of the Trans-MCP Approach 6.6 Superomedial Trajectory Beyond the SEZ: Superior Cerebellar Peduncle 6.7 Posteromedial Trajectory Beyond the SEZ: Pontine Tegmentum 6.8 Invisible Triangles 6.9 Orienteering Beyond 7 Eloquent Noneloquence 7.1 Ten Percent Myth 7.
2 Eloquent Noneloquence 7.3 Clinical Evidence 7.4 Eloquent Cortex 7.5 Large-Scale Brain Networks 7.6 Seven Hotspots of Cerebral Eloquence 7.7 Expanding the Concept of Cerebral Eloquence 8 Residual and Recurrent Cavernous Malformations 8.1 Problem of Recurrence 8.2 Clinical Evidence 8.
3 Detection 8.4 Surgical Blind Spots 8.5 Right-Angle Method 8.6 Fine Line 9 Patient Selection 9.1 Rationale for a Brainstem Cavernous Malformation Grading Scale 9.2 Lawton Brainstem CM Grading Scale 9.3 Elements of the Brainstem CM Grading System 9.3.
1 Size 9.3.2 Crossing the Axial Midpoint 9.3.3 Developmental Venous Anomaly