CLIVE LEE Emeritus Professor at the University of Aberdeen, UK. Until 1989 he taught in the Department of Economic History, specialising in the development of the international economy and quantification in Economic History. Between 1982-1985 he was responsible for the ESRC training programme in computing and statistics for UK postgraduate students in economic history. His current research interests lie in the history of economic thought and economic development in the twentieth century, and in the public and private provision of welfare. He is currently editing and contributing to the New History of Aberdeen, commissioned by Aberdeen City Council.