This book defends a purist neo-Aristotelian approach to hylomorphism, addressing long-standing debates about the reality of material objects and engaging with contemporary philosophical discussions. It begins with a critical examination of the contemporary "impurist" approach to hylomorphism and then develops a purist conception of form, which is grounded in Aristotle's original framework and contextualized within current theoretical debates. By engaging with both ancient philosophy and contemporary metaphysics, the book demonstrates how the purist approach provides an insightful way to tackle tough philosophical issues. This book will appeal to scholars and advanced students of ancient Greek philosophy and metaphysics.