The fundamental molecules in the human body are sodium, calcium, and potassium, while the vital substances of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are Qi, Yang Qi, and Yin Qi. This book identifies the mappings between 48 TCM vital substances and signaling molecules. TCM practitioners have proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of a wide range of conditions from arthritis to diabetes. By applying these mappings, this book thoroughly explores these claims and succinctly explains the molecular mechanism behind the practice. The communication and mutual support between eastern and western medicines would provide a thorough understanding of human physiology and enable more effective treatment of abnormal or disease states.