Preface 3 Chapter 1 Impedance 7 Question 1 Input and output resistance of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) 13 Question 2 Input capacitance of a source follower 17 Question 3 Input capacitance of a differential pair 21 Question 4 Output resistance of a tied-gate current source 23 Question 5 Folded cascode amplifier and input Miller effect reduction 28 Question 6 Impedance of a cross-coupled load 30 Chapter 2 Amplifiers - Open-Loop and Closed-Loop 34 Question 7 Stability of an uncompensated two-stage op-amp 35 Question 8 Compensation for a two-stage op-amp, pole splitting 38 Question 9 Nyquist stability criterion and conditional stability 43 Question 10 Device noise contribution in a folded cascode amplifier 49 Question 11 Slew rate limitations of a two-stage op-amp 56 Question 12 Distortion in a common-source amplifier due to device nonlinearity 60 Question 13 Common-emitter amplifier (BJT) with emitter degeneration 63 Question 14 Amplifier input common-mode range and distortion 66 Question 15 Common mode feedback control (CMFB) in fully differential amplifiers 69 Question 16 Frequency response of two op-amp based low-pass filters 74 Question 17 Feedback factors of inverting amplifiers and unity-gain buffers 78 Question 18 Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of a voltage regulator 83 Question 19 Power optimization of multistage open-loop amplifiers 89 Question 20 Frequency response of a source follower 93 Chapter 3 Bias and References 98 Question 21 Designing a precision current mirror 99 Question 22 Degeneration in current mirrors 103 Question 23 Impact of resistance in current mirrors 106 Question 24 Bandgap reference basics 111 Question 25 Stability of beta-multiplier references 115 Chapter 4 Switched-Capacitor Circuits and Comparators 120 Question 26 Input impedance and kickback noise of switched-capacitor circuits 121 Question 27 Sizing the switch for better linearity and less charge injection 126 Question 28 Bottom plate sampling and signal-dependent charge injection 131 Question 29 Requirements of the amplifier in a charge-transfer track/hold circuit 134 Question 30 Impact of the amplifier input capacitance in switched-capacitor circuits 140 Question 31 Thermal noise in switched-capacitor circuits 143 Question 32 Switched-capacitor common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuits 148 Question 33 Comparator - regenerative latch 152 Question 34 Comparator - preamplifier 158 Question 35 Comparator - offset cancellation (IOS) 162 Question 36 Switched-inductor circuits - buck converters 167 Chapter 5 Digital Circuits from an Analog Perspective 174 Question 37 Inverter-based ring oscillators 175 Question 38 Inverter optimization of propagation delay and duty cycle distortion 177 Question 39 Designing buffers for driving long RC lines 181 Question 40 Inverter switching current and power consumption 184 Question 41 Master/slave D flip-flops and setup/hold time 188 Question 42 Clock divider with D flip-flops 192 Question 43 Digital phase-frequency detectors and phase-locked loops (PLLs) 195 Question 44 Metastability in digital systems 202 Chapter 6 Circuit Layout Techniques 206 Question 45 Transistor layout for parasitic reduction 207 Question 46 Interdigitation for matching 210 Question 47 Layout of decoupling capacitors 213 Question 48 Substrate/well contact and latch-up 215 Question 49 Shielding in layout - grounded or not grounded? Which ground? 219 Question 50 Optimizing the padframe for power and ground 225 Appendix 1 Device Equations 231 Section 1 MOSFET (long-channel) equations 231 Section 2 Bipolar transistor (BJT) equations 234 Section 3 Diode (PN junction) equations 238 Section 4 Resistor, capacitor and inductor equations 239 Appendix 2 Circuit Theorems 240 Section 1 Kirchhoff''s circuit laws 240 Section 2 Thévenin''s theorem and Norton''s theorem 242 Section 3 The superposition theorem 244 Section 4 Miller theorem 245 Appendix 3 Circuit Analysis in the Complex Frequency Domain (s-domain) 246 Section 1 Laplace transform and transfer functions 246 Section 2 First-order systems 250 Section 3 Transfer function of feedback systems 252 Section 4 Second-order systems 254 Section 5 S-domain and frequency domain 258 Appendix 4 Basic Circuit Analysis Examples 261 Section 1 Voltage and current dividers 261 Section 2 RC circuits - transient and frequency response 265 Section 3 Basic amplifiers 270 Section 4 Basic op-amp based closed-loop circuits 278 Section 5 Types of negative feedback in amplifier circuits 283 Section 6 Circuit noise fundamentals 288 Section 7 Basic digital circuits 297.