Part I: The Science of Body Composition Research Chapter 1. Study of Body Composition: An Overview Wei Shen, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, ZiMian Wang, and Steven B. Heymsfield History -Body Composition Rules and Models -Future Directions Part II: Body Composition Measurement Methods Chapter 2. Hydrodensitometry and Air Displacement Plethysmography Scott B. Going -Body Composition Models -Estimation of Body Volume by Underwater Weighing -Recommended Procedures for Hydrodensitometry -Air Displacement Plethysmography -Summary Chapter 3. Hydrometry Dale A. Schoeller -Total Body Water -Intracellular Water and Extracellular Water -Summary Chapter 4. Whole-Body Counting and Neutron Activation Analysis Kenneth J.
Ellis -Whole-Body Counting -Neutron Activation Analysis Chapter 5. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Timothy G. Lohman and Zhao Chen -History and Development of DXA -Assumptions of DXA and Their Validity -Applicability of DXA -Equipment: Hardware -Equipment: Software -Measurement Procedures -Calibration Procedures -Precision of Total and Regional Composition Estimates -Accuracy of DXA for the Measurement of Fatness -Accuracy of DXA Regional Body Composition Assessments -Estimating Body Composition Changes -Hydration Status As a Confounder in DXA Body Composition Estimates -Application of DXA to Pediatric Populations -DXA Use in Multicomponent Models -Steps Toward Standardization of DXA -Recommended Procedure for DXA Measurements -Summary Chapter 6. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Wm. Cameron Chumlea and Shumei S. Sun -Physical Electrical Properties -Bioelectrical Properties -Measuring Impedance -Impedance History -Single- and Multiple-Frequency Impedance -Impedance and Body Composition -Changes in Body Composition -Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance -Impedance and Blood Chemistry -Summary Chapter 7. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Robert Ross and Ian Janssen -CT Image Acquisition -MRI Image Acquisition -CT Image Analysis -MRI Image Analysis -Determination of Tissue Volume -CT Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality -CT Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality -MRI Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Quality -MRI Measurement of Liver Tissue Quality -Validity of Tissue Quantity by CT -Validity of Tissue Quantity by MRI -Comparison of CT and MRI -Applications of CT and MRI on Tissue Quantity and Quality -Future Directions -Potential of CT and MRI in Large-Scale Studies -Summary Chapter 8. Anthropometry and Ultrasound Anna Bellisari and Alex F.
Roche -Anthropometry -Ultrasound -Summary Chapter 9. Pediatric Body Composition Methods Aviva Sopher, Wei Shen, and Angelo Pietrobelli -Multicomponent Models -Hydrodensitometry -Air Displacement Plethysmography -Dilution Methods -Whole-Body Counting -Electrical Methods -Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry -Imaging Methods -Anthropometry -Summary Chapter 10. Animal Body Composition Methods Maria S. Johnson and Tim R. Nagy -Carcass Analysis -Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC) -Total Body Water by Isotope Dilution -Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) -Computed Tomography (CT) -Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) -Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -Summary Chapter 11. Statistical Methods Shumei S. Sun and Wm. Cameron Chumlea -Accuracy of Predictive Equations -Validity of the Response Variable -Precision of the Predictor Variables -Relationships Between Predictor Variables and Response Variables -Statistical Methods -Size and Nature of the Sample -Published Predictive Equations -Summary Part III: Body Composition Models and Components Chapter 12.
Multicomponent Molecular-Level Models of Body Composition Analysis ZiMian Wang, Wei Shen, Robert T. Withers, and Steven B. Heymsfield -General Concepts of Molecular-Level Body Composition Methods -Three-, Four-, and Six-Component Hydrodensitometry Methods -Four- and Six-Component Neutron Activation Methods -Six-Component Total Body Carbon Method -Multicomponent Total Body Protein Method -Summary Chapter 13. Measuring Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Relation to Health LuA?A?A"s B. Sardinha and Pedro J. Teixeira -Total Body Fatness -Fat Distribution -Summary Chapter 14. Assessing Muscle Mass Henry C. Lukaski -Anthropometric Indicators of Muscle Mass -Muscle Metabolites -Radiographic Methods -Nuclear Techniques -Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis -High-Frequency Energy Absorption (HFEA) -Summary Chapter 15.
Body Composition, Organ Mass, and Resting Energy Expenditure Dympna Gallagher and Marinos Elia -Measurement of REE -Quantifying Specific Organ and Tissue Masses -Specific Metabolic Rates of Organs and Tissues -Modeling REE -REE and Organ Metabolic Rates During the Life Span -REE: Race and Ethnicity -REE in Disease -Ongoing Efforts in the Measurement of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Rates -Summary Part IV: Body Composition and Biological Influences Chapter 16. Genetic Influences on Human Body Composition Peter Katzmarzyk and Claude Bouchard -Basic Concepts -Methods -Genetics and Body Fat Content -Genetics and Fat Topography -Genetic Pleiotropy and Body Fat Phenotypes -Genetics and Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes -Summary Chapter 17. Age Richard N. Baumgartner -Fat Mass -Fat Distribution -Fat-Free Mass -Summary Chapter 18. Variation in Body Composition Associated With Sex and Ethnicity Robert M. Malina -Reference Values -Total Body Composition -Adipose Tissue Distribution -Bone As a Component of Body Composition -Skeletal Muscle -Summary Chapter 19. Pregnancy Sally Ann Lederman -Why Measure Pregnancy Body Composition? -Measuring Body Composition Changes During Pregnancy -Advances of the Field Chapter 20. Exercise Daniel P.
Williams, Pedro J. Teixeira, and Scott B. Going -Body Weight -Whole-Body Fat -Visceral Adipose Tissue -Fat-Free Mass, Lean Soft Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle -Bone -Summary Chapter 21. Hormonal Influences on Human Body Composition Marie-Pierre St-Onge and Per Bjorntorp -Hormonal Effects Through the Life Cycle -Effects of Glucocorticoids -Interactions Between Hormones -Effects of Adipocyte-Derived Hormones -Regulation of Energy Exchange -Summary Part V: Body Composition and Pathological States Chapter 22. Morbidity and Mortality Associations Jacob C. Seidell -Anthropometric Measures in Relation to Morbidity and Mortality: Methodological Issues -Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Mortality -Body Composition and Aging: Implications for Morbidity and Mortality -Effect of Age on the Association Between Weight Change and Health -Effect of Age on the Association Between Fat Distribution and Health -Summary Chapter 23. Body Composition and Cancer Zhao Chen -Body Composition and Cancer Risk -Body Composition and Cancer Treatment -Cancer-Related Wasting -Other Applications of Body Composition Assessments in Cancer Research -Summary Chapter 24. Obesity and Diabetes: Body Composition Determinants of Insulin Resistance Bret H.
Goodpaster and David E. Kelley -Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity -Fat-Free Mass and IR in Type 2 DM and Obesity -Abdominal Adiposity: Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Type 2 DM -Lower-Extremity Adipose Tissue -Skeletal Muscle Fat Content -Hepatic Steatosis and IR in Obesity and Type 2 DM -Effects of Weight Loss on Body Composition and IR -Summary Chapter 25. Body Composition Studies in People With HIV Donald P. Kotler and Ellen S. Engelson -Early Studies (1981-1983) -Body Composition Assessment -Cross-Sectional Studies -Studies of Pathogenic Mechanisms -Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcomes -Longitudinal Studies -Studies of Nutritional Therapies -HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy -Pseudotruncal Obesity -Treatment of Fat Redistribution -Switch Studies -Summary Chapter 26. Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition Ian Janssen and Ronenn Roubenoff -Influence of Metabolic Imbalances on Body Composition -Influence of Immune Mediators on Metabolism -Usefulness of Body Composition As a Measure of Chronic Disease Status -Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Adults -Inflammatory Diseases and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents -Summary Appendix: Reference Body Composition Tables Abbreviations References Index.