List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Toward a Zeal for Classicism: Intellectual Transitions from 74 BC to AD 9 China The Search for Heaven's Will in Emperor Xuan's Period Toward the Great Peace: Emperor Yuan and the Restoration of the Kingly Way The Six Classics: Complete and Fundamental Restoring the Original Six Classics or Getting Rid of Them: Two Paths of Innovation Concluding Remarks 2. The Conflation between Heaven and the Classics: The Rise of Apocrypha ( chenwei ??) Discovering the Heavenly Nature of the Classics Forming a Tradition: The Sociopolitical Background of the Emergence of the Apocryphal Texts A Case Study: Liu Xiu's Feng and Shan Sacrifices Concluding Remarks 3. Apocrypha, Confucius, and Monarchy in Emperor Ming's Reign (AD 58-75) Xuan sheng : The Dark Sage Su Wang, the "Uncrowned King" Zixia and Confucius: A Political Analogy Concluding Remarks 4. Finding Teachers versus Making Friends: The Gradual Departure from Classicism in the First Two Centuries AD How to Succeed in the Han: Sketching the Han Official Recruitment System How One Learned Classical Knowledge in the Han: Schools and Curricula Ma Rong and His Friends: A Case Study of Horizontal Relationships Concluding Remarks 5. The Radical and the Conservative: Zheng Xuan, He Xiu, the Scripture of the Great Peace , and Their Stances on the Classics Zheng Xuan and His Scholarship He Xiu and His Return to the Gongyang Tradition The (Re)emergence of the Scripture of the Great Peace Concluding Remarks Conclusion Han Intellectual Communities and Their Features The Matter of the Great Peace The Production of Innovation and Its Driving Force The Impact and Legacy of Classicism Appendix 1. The Chinese Classics Appendix 2. The Origin of the Old Script / New Script Controversy Appendix 3.

The Contrast-Debate Model and Its Critique Appendix 4. The Assumptions of Confucian Empire and Its Problems Appendix 5. Apocryphal Texts: A History of Superstition and Adulation Appendix 6. Chen, Wei, and Apocrypha : A Matter of Definition Notes Bibliography Index.