List of Figures List of Tables List of Exhibits List of Boxes Preface Acknowledgments Note to the Student 1.The Context of Public Sector Budgets Overview What Is a Budget and What Is Public Budgeting? Functions of a Budget Budget Formats Types of Budgets Reading a Budget Budget Message, Budget Highlights, Executive Summary Budget Summary Source of Revenue Source of Expenditures Department/Agency Budget Information Supplemental Budgeting Information Public Versus Private Budgets Overview of Revenues and Expenditures Governmental Accounting Government Funds Proprietary Funds Fiduciary Funds Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 1A: Budget Letter Appendix 1B: Jefferson City Budget Summary Appendix 1C: Jefferson City Fire Department 2.Preparing a Budget Proposal Overview Budget Cycles Executive Preparation Legislative Approval Budget Execution Audit/Evaluation Phase Equity Audits The Budget Calendar The Budget Game Budget Actors Chief Executive Budget Director Legislator/Council Member Agency Directors Agency Roles Expanded Justifying and Defending the Budget Political Budgets Technical Budgets Key Components of the Budget Proposal Project Title Description and Rationale Objective Justifying the Need Budget and Budget Description Measures of Success Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 2A: Budget Proposal Appendix 2B: Original Budget Proposal Request Form Appendix 2C: Evaluation of the Role Playing Assignment Appendix 2D: Jefferson City Budget, FY 2023-2024 Appendix 2E: Washington State Decision Package 3.Personnel Services and Operating Budgets Overview Writing a Personnel Services Budget Calculating FICA and Medicare Pensions Calculating the Pension Benefit Position Classifications and Salary Ranges Justifying a New Position Calculating a Personal Services Budget Preparing an Operating Budget Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 3A: Jefferson City Tourism Department Appendix 3B: Jefferson City Tourism Department Appendix 3C: Pension Payment Worksheet: Long Version 4.Preparing a Capital Budget and a Capital Improvement Plan Overview Capital Budgets versus a Capital Improvement Plan Capital Budgets Why Separate a Capital Budget from an Operating Budget? Capital Improvement Plans The Capital Budgeting Process Identifying and Prioritizing Projects Needs Assessments and the Selection of Projects Financing Capital Improvement Projects Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 4A: City of Alexandria, Virginia Health Department Appendix 4B: Jefferson City Fire Department Capital Budget Process Appendix 4C: Jefferson City Project Justifications Appendix 4D: Preparing a Capital Budget and a Capital Improvement Plan Appendix 4E: Capital Improvement Plan 5. Funding State and Local Budgets Overview Sources of Revenue Taxes Property Taxes Setting the Property Tax Rate Tax Assessments and Tax Rates Coefficient of Dispersion Price Related Differential Tax Collection Income Taxes Sale and Use Taxes Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, and Motor Fuel Taxes User Charges and Impact Fees Setting a User Fee Rate Intergovernmental Transfers Licenses, Permits, and Franchise Fees Gaming Other Revenues Revenue Management Conclusion Appendix 5A: Property Tax and Millage Rates Appendix 5B: Coefficient of Dispersion Appendix 5C: Price Related Differential Appendix 5D: Jefferson City Public School System Appendix 5E: Jefferson City Revenue Appendix 5F: Jefferson City Swimming Pool Cost Estimate Appendix 5G: Jefferson City Budget Summary 6. Budgeting Techniques and Analytical Models Overview Understanding the Methods and Techniques of Analysis Forecasting Revenues Forecasting Models Selecting the Best Forecasting Model Types of Forecasts Status Quo Model Extrapolation Model Judgmental or Brainstorming Model Delphi Model Time Series Model Multiple Regression Model Econometric Models Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Alternative 1: Increase Patrol Time Alternative 2: Add a Substation Alternative 3: Add a Bycycle/Foot Patrolperson to the Area Analyzing the Alternatives Financial Decision Making Tools Discounting to Present Value/Discount Rates Rate of Return Payback Method Breakeven Analysis Productivity Analysis Multiple Regression Analysis Reading and Understanding Reports Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 6A: Present Value Calculation Appendix 6B: Net Present Value Appendix 6C: Annual Calculations 7. Financial Management Overview Financial Condition Financially Solvent or Not? Detecting an Operating Deficit External Cash Management Practices Managing Cash Internally Risk Management Framing Risk Management Mission Identification Risk and Uncertainty Assessment Risk Control Risk Financing Program Administration Procurement and Contracting Equity and Procurement Cutback Management Causes of Cutbacks Cutback Strategies Creating a Pro-Businesses Environment in your City Financial Incentives Quality of Life Incentives Debt Management and Investment Debt Management Policy Additional Budget Options Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Appendix 7A: Risk Management Assessment Plan Appendix 7B: Life-Cycle Cost Appendix 7C: Risk Assessment and Questionnaire Appendix 7D: City of Lawrence Debt Management and Fiscal General Policy Appendix 7E: City of LawrenceDebt Management Policy 8.

Effectively Communicating Data Overview Data Quality, Sources, and Appropriateness Displaying Data Tables Charts and Figures Scattergrams Line Graphs Pie Charts Bar / Column Charts Microsoft PowerPoint Presentations Conclusion Important Terms and Phrases Exercises Appendix 8A: Counties in the State of Alexander Appendix 8B: A Guide to Writing a Research Proposal and Research Paper References About the Author.