Preface xxi 1 Molecular Composition and Functionality of the Skin: A Chemical Perspective 1 Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay and Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke 2 Dermatologic Pharmacology of Skin Disorders 31 Abhay Upadhyay, Akhil Padha, Nikita Nayak, Tuhin Mukherjee and Satyajit Mohanty 2.1 Introduction: Skin Disorders 32 2.2 Anatomy of Skin 38 2.3 Drug Absorption through Skin 44 2.4 Principles of Dermatologic Pharmacology 45 2.5 Systemic Agents and Topical Agents Used in Skin Disorder 48 2.6 Pharmacotherapy for Specific Skin Disorders 59 2.7 Herbal Treatments for Dermatologic Disorders 59 2.

8 Future Directions in Dermatologic Pharmacology 69 2.9 Conclusion 69 3 Role of Polymers for Skin Disorders 83 Anshita Gupta Soni, Renjil Joshi and Chanchal Deep Kaur 3.1 Introduction 84 3.2 Role of the Stratum Corneum in Drug Penetration 86 3.3 Challenges in Drug Delivery to the Skin 87 3.4 Advancements in Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems 88 3.5 Controlled Release Mechanism of Polymers in Topical Formulations 91 3.6 Polymer Selection Criteria for Skin Disorders 92 3.

7 Compatibility of Polymers with Various Drugs and Skin Types 94 3.8 Role of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymers in Skin Diseases 96 3.9 Herbal Polymers for Topical Formulations 100 3.10 Safety and Regulatory Considerations of Using Polymers for Skin Diseases 105 3.11 Conclusion 112 4 Role of Lipidic Nano Carriers for Skin Disorders 117 Nagaraju Bandaru, Nalla Swathi, Prashik B. Dudhe and Makarand Suresh Gambhire 4.1 Introduction to Lipid Nano Carriers 118 4.2 Structure and Composition of Skin 121 4.

3 Role of Lipidic Nano Carriers in Treating Skin Disorders 124 4.4 Challenges and Future Directions 153 4.5 Conclusion 154 5 Novel Delivery Systems for the Management of Skin Cancer 163 Ayush Madan, Biplab Debnath, Riya Dave, Himanshu Sharma, Radheshyam Pal and Sumel Ashique 5.1 Introduction 164 5.2 Pathogenesis of Skin Cancer 166 5.3 Biological Barriers for Skin Cancer Therapeutics 169 5.4 Convention Dosage Form for Skin Cancer Treatment 171 5.5 Limitation of Convention Dosage Form in Skin Cancer Treatment 175 5.

6 Phytomedicines for Skin Cancer Treatment 178 5.7 Novel Nanocarriers against Skin Cancer 182 5.8 Nutraceutical for Skin Cancer Treatment 191 5.9 Advantages of Novel Drug Delivery System 195 5.10 Challenges of Novel Drug Delivery System 196 5.11 Future Direction 196 5.12 Conclusion 196 6 Lipid Nano-Carriers for Skin Disorders: Mechanism, Preparation, and Characterization 209 Monika Vishwakarma, Devyani Rajput, Wasim Akram and Tanweer Haider 6.1 Introduction 210 6.

2 Conventional Treatment of Skin Disorders 210 6.3 Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders 211 6.4 Lipid Nanocarriers: Mechanism and Benefits 211 6.5 Case Studies and Clinical Evidence 214 6.6 Lipid Nanocarriers (Liposomes, Ultra Deformable Liposomes, Ethosomes, Transethosomes, Solid Lipid Nanoparticle, etc.) 216 6.7 Particulate Carrier Systems 224 6.8 Vesicular Carrier Systems 225 6.

9 Mechanism (Mechanism of Skin Penetration, Uptake by Cells, and Drug Release Mechanism from Lipidic Nanocarrier (Dependent Upon Nature of Drug i.e. Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Drug) 233 6.10 Methods of Preparation 236 6.11 Characterization Methods of Lipidic Nanocarriers 241 6.12 Conclusion and Future Perspective 243 7 Role of Nano-Vesicular Carriers for the Management of Dermatitis 255 Sunny Rathee, Debasis Sen and Sanjay K. Jain 7.1 Introduction 256 7.

2 Conventional Approaches for the Treatment of Dermatitis 264 7.3 Role of Nano-Vesicular Carriers for the Treatment of Dermatitis 268 7.4 Preclinical and Clinical Applications 279 7.5 Challenges and Future Directions 280 7.6 Conclusion 281 8 Role of Lipid Nanoparticulate Carriers in the Management of Infectious Inflammatory Disorders 291 Biswajit Rout, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Sandeep Kr Maharana, Devaraj and Aakanchha Jain 8.1 Introduction 292 8.2 Pathophysiology of Infectious Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin 293 8.3 Lipid Nanoparticulate Carriers and Their Use Against Infectious Inflammatory Disorders 298 8.

4 Challenges 308 8.5 Conclusion 309 9 Role of Nano Vesicular Carriers in the Management of Dermatophytic Infections 319 Anish Menon and Neha Mathur 9.1 Introduction 320 9.2 Geographical Epidemiology of Dermatophytosis 325 9.3 Treatment Strategies Available to Counter Dermatophytic Fungal Infections 327 9.4 Shortcomings of Conventional Treatment Strategies 331 9.5 Nanocarriers in Management of Fungal Infections 333 9.6 Challenges Associated with Nanocarriers 344 9.

7 Future Aspects 346 9.8 Summary and Conclusion 348 10 Role of Nano Vesicular Carriers in the Management of Psoriasis 359 Devyani Rajput, Shivangi Sharma, Ankur Agrawal and Neeraj Mishra 10.1 Introduction 360 10.2 Pathophysiology of Psoriasis 364 10.3 Nanovesicular Carriers: An Overview 366 10.4 Treatment of Psoriasis 379 10.5 Mechanisms of Action of Nanovesicular Carriers in Psoriasis Management 379 10.6 Clinical Trials, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Development of Nanovesicular Carriers for Psoriasis 383 10.

7 Future Perspectives 386 10.8 Conclusion 387 11 Topical Delivery for the Management of Vitiligo: Challenges and Advances 397 Rishabh Gupta, Shivang Shukla and Namrata Singh 11.1 Introduction 398 11.2 Pathophysiology of Vitiligo 398 11.3 Topical Treatments for Vitiligo 401 11.4 Challenges in Topical Treatment for Vitiligo 406 11.5 Recent Research and Innovations 409 11.6 Patient-Centered Considerations in Case of Vitiligo Treatment 416 11.

7 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations 419 11.8 Conclusion 423 12 Microneedle Drug Delivery System as a Useful Tool for Dermal Drug Delivery 433 Mayuri Gupta, Nimisha Srivastava, Himanshu Kathuria and Manish Dwivedi 12.1 Introduction 434 12.2 Fundamentals of Microneedle Drug Delivery 437 12.3 Novel Designs of Microneedles 442 12.4 Fabrication Techniques 448 12.5 Applications of Microneedles in Dermal Drug Delivery 454 12.6 Treatment for Skin Cancer and Superficial Tumours 456 12.

7 Wound Healing 457 12.8 Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis and Seborrheic Dermatitis 459 12.9 Treatment for Alopecia 460 12.10 Treatment for Fungal Infections 461 12.11 Approach as Anti-Aging 462 12.12 Conclusion and Future Perspective 463 13 Liposomal Gene Delivery for Skin Disorders 479 Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Savita Deokar, Rajib Singh, Shilpa S. Borkar and Tomy Muringayil Joseph 13.1 Introduction 480 13.

2 Gene Therapy 485 13.3 Journey to the Nucleus 486 13.4 Liposome 486 13.5 Liposome as a Carrier 487 13.6 Steps to Successful Gene Transfer 488 13.7 Barriers for Gene Delivery 491 13.8 Modifications for Improved Liposome-Mediated Gene Delivery 491 13.9 Role of Helper Lipid in Cationic Liposome Mediated Gene Delivery 493 13.

10 Transdermal Delivery 493 13.11 Systemic Barriers 495 13.12 Current Methods of Transdermal Gene Delivery 496 13.13 Conclusion 501 14 siRNA Delivery for the Management of Skin Disorders 519 Sandeep Kumar Maurya, Devyani Rajput and Umesh Kumar Patil 14.1 Introduction 520 14.2 Mechanism of Action 525 14.3 The Pathogenesis of Skin Diseases and Their Potential Therapeutic Targets 527 14.4 siRNA Transdermal Delivery Vehicle 536 14.

5 Nanoparticle-Based siRNA Delivery System 536 14.6 Challenges with siRNA-Based Therapeutics 542 14.7 Discussion 544 14.8 Conclusion 546 15 Challenges and Opportunities in the Therapeutic Management of Skin Diseases 555 Karan Wadhwa, Swati Saini, Taruna and Rakesh Pahwa 15.1 Introduction 556 15.2 Conventional Therapies for Skin Disorders Management 558 15.3 Emerging Trends and Treatment Opportunities in Skin Therapy 559 15.4 Future Perspectives and Conclusion 571 16 Safety Guidelines and Regulatory Perspectives of Nanoformulations for Skin Disorders 583 Sushant Bharat Gaikwad, Md Imtiyaz Alam and Awesh K.

Yadav 16.1 Introduction 584 16.2 Fundamentals of Nanoformulations 585 16.3 Safety Assessment of Nanoformulations 591 16.4 Regulatory Framework and Guidelines 598 16.5 Regulatory Approval Process 603 16.6 Manufacturing Standards and Quality Controls 607 16.7 Labeling Requirements and Documentation 608 16.

8 Postmarketing Surveillance and Risk Management 608 16.9 Conclusion 609 Acknowledgment 610 References 610 Index 619.