List of abbreviations; Preface; Chapter 1: Utilization and upcycling of existing research knowledge; We do not have to start from scratch; Qualitative studies - an open mind, but no blank slates; Research waste or exploiting knowledge capital?; Recycling, upcycling and sustainable management of knowledge resources; What will this book offer you?; The role of the nursing home doctor in end-of-life care - a concrete example; From chaos and individual research reports to systematic reviews; Comprehensive and critical reading of the research literature; The information deluge; Broad mapping; Systematic reviews - a specific kind of research literature summary; Evidence from research results; Multipurpose knowledge capital; Evidence-based medicine; Different research questions require different evidence from relevant methodologies; From summary and renarration to interpretation and synthesis; Descriptive, interpretative or both?; Meta-analysis; Qualitative metasynthesis; Which kinds of research questions can be studied with qualitative metasynthesis?; Chapter 2: Project planning and literature management; Careful preparations are profitable investments; Summing up research - a stepwise process; A research question that is both flexible and determined; Choosing a strategy; The protocol; Registration of the project; Literature search; Overview and steady course; Search strategy; Search terms in logical combinations; Search sources and databases; Grey literature; Language; Before you set off seriously; Screening and selection of potentially relevant primary studies; Reference management; Systematic screening and rough classification; Reading candidate articles in depth with quality assessment; Supplementary search; What characterizes your sample?; Flow sheet for search and selection; Hallmarks of the primary studies; Identification of results from the primary studies; Organizing the material from data extraction; Chapter 3: Analysis and synthesis; Interpretation of the results from the primary studies; Synthesis is more than summary and renarration; Levels of interpretation - concepts of first, second and third orders; Meta-ethnography; Background; Metaphors and translations; Analytical perspectives; Strategy for analysis - seven steps; A specific example of analysis and synthesis; Other methods for qualitative metasynthesis; Critical interpretive synthesis; Thematic synthesis; Realist synthesis; Reporting your study - writing the article; Elements in the article; Method, material and analysis; Synthesis and results; Chapter 4: Theoretical and methodological challenges; Qualitative methods encounter evidence-based medicine; Scientific paradigms; Common features, differences and opposites; Social anthropology and metasynthesis; A complete and independent literature review?; Situated knowledges; Cherry picking; Finding the needle in the haystack; Independent appraisals or bias?; Which evidence is the best evidence?; The evidence hierarchy; A universal gold standard; Grading of evidence; New pyramids; Diversity or standardization of knowledge; Merging apples and oranges - the synthesis of heterogeneous data; Sustainable evidence; Three steps forward and two steps back; Grading of qualitative metasynthesis; Mixed methods and qualitative metasynthesis; Qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study; Multi-methodological exploration of complex research questions; Qualitative metasynthesis with mixed methods; Synthesis of qualitative primary studies with different designs; Chapter 5: Final comments; Ethics and privacy protection; Regulations and approvals; Distance as a challenge; Contributing something new; What do you need to conduct a qualitative metasynthesis?; Competence and experience; Relevant primary studies with useful presents of results; Resources and personal traits; Set off!; You are not alone; Newer and more exiting; Wheat or chaff?; Sustainable competence - new opportunities for collaboration; References; Index etative or both?; Meta-analysis; Qualitative metasynthesis; Which kinds of research questions can be studied with qualitative metasynthesis?; Chapter 2: Project planning and literature management; Careful preparations are profitable investments; Summing up research - a stepwise process; A research question that is both flexible and determined; Choosing a strategy; The protocol; Registration of the project; Literature search; Overview and steady course; Search strategy; Search terms in logical combinations; Search sources and databases; Grey literature; Language; Before you set off seriously; Screening and selection of potentially relevant primary studies; Reference management; Systematic screening and rough classification; Reading candidate articles in depth with quality assessment; Supplementary search; What characterizes your sample?; Flow sheet for search and selection; Hallmarks of the primary studies; Identification of results from the primary studies; Organizing the material from data extraction; Chapter 3: Analysis and synthesis; Interpretation of the results from the primary studies; Synthesis is more than summary and renarration; Levels of interpretation - concepts of first, second and third orders; Meta-ethnography; Background; Metaphors and translations; Analytical perspectives; Strategy for analysis - seven steps; A specific example of analysis and synthesis; Other methods for qualitative metasynthesis; Critical interpretive synthesis; Thematic synthesis; Realist synthesis; Reporting your study - writing the article; Elements in the article; Method, material and analysis; Synthesis and results; Chapter 4: Theoretical and methodological challenges; Qualitative methods encounter evidence-based medicine; Scientific paradigms; Common features, differences and opposites; Social anthropology and metasynthesis; A complete and independent literature review?; Situated knowledges; Cherry picking; Finding the needle in the haystack; Independent appraisals or bias?; Which evidence is the best evidence?; The evidence hierarchy; A universal gold standard; Grading of evidence; New pyramids; Diversity or standardization of knowledge; Merging apples and oranges - the synthesis of heterogeneous data; Sustainable evidence; Three steps forward and two steps back; Grading of qualitative metasynthesis; Mixed methods and qualitative metasynthesis; Qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study; Multi-methodological exploration of complex research questions; Qualitative metasynthesis with mixed methods; Synthesis of qualitative primary studies with different designs; Chapter 5: Final comments; Ethics and privacy protection; Regulations and approvals; Distance as a challenge; Contributing something new; What do you need to conduct a qualitative metasynthesis?; Competence and experience; Relevant primary studies with useful presents of results; Resources and personal traits; Set off!; You are not alone; Newer and more exiting; Wheat or chaff?; Sustainable competence - new opportunities for collaboration; References; IndexIdentification of results from the primary studies; Organizing the material from data extraction; Chapter 3: Analysis and synthesis; Interpretation of the results from the primary studies; Synthesis is more than summary and renarration; Levels of interpretation - concepts of first, second and third orders; Meta-ethnography; Background; Metaphors and translations; Analytical perspectives; Strategy for analysis - seven steps; A specific example of analysis and synthesis; Other methods for qualitative metasynthesis; Critical interpretive synthesis; Thematic synthesis; Realist synthesis; Reporting your study - writing the article; Elements in the article; Method, material and analysis; Synthesis and results; Chapter 4: Theoretical and methodological challenges; Qualitative methods encounter evidence-based medicine; Scientific paradigms; Common features, differences and opposites; Social anthropology and metasynthesis; A complete and independent literature review?; Situated knowledges; Cherry picking; Finding the needle in the haystack; Independent appraisals or bias?; Which evidence is the best evidence?; The evidence hierarchy; A universal gold standard; Grading of evidence; New pyramids; Diversity or standardization of knowledge; Merging apples and oranges - the synthesis of heterogeneous data; Sustainable evidence; Three steps forward and two steps back; Grading of qualitative metasynthesis; Mixed methods and qualitative metasynthesis; Qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study; Multi-methodological exploration of complex research questions; Qualitative metasynthesis with mixed methods; Synthesis of qualitative primary studies with different designs; Chapter 5: Final comments; Ethics and privacy protection; Regulations and approvals; Distance as a challenge; Contributing something new; What do you need to conduct a qualitative metasynthesis?; Competence and experience; Relevant primary studies with useful presents of results; Resources and personal traits; Set off!; You are not alone; Newer and more exiting; Wheat or chaff?; Sustainable competence - new opportunities for collaboration; References; Indexd opposites; Social anthropology and metasynthesis; A complete and independent literature review?; Situated knowledges; Cherry picking; Finding the needle in the haystack; Independent appraisals or bias?; Which evidence is the best evidence?; The evidence hierarchy; A universal gold standard; Grading of evidence; New pyramids; Diversity or st.