This book gives an overview of the Indian National Sample Survey (NSS) with a summarization of the salient features of the survey methodology adopted in the surveys, experiences gathered on the strengths and limitations of the data collected through the NSS and way forward to address some critical data gaps for further strengthening the NSS database. To fulfil the requirements of a diverse set of readers, the book also highlights the lessons gathered through some important pilot surveys that the NSS had conducted apart from containing a chapter on some global / best survey practices so that the book can truly be used as a reference material by the survey practitioners across the globe. It will also be of interest to a variety of other readers including the students, researchers, planners, and policymakers in addition to the survey organizations across the globe.