List of Tables, Maps and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgements Phonetic Note to Readers 1. Clearing the Ground: Basic Issues, Concepts and Approaches Rajend Mesthrie 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Relations between Language and Society 1.3 Prescriptivism 1.4 Standardisation 1.5 Speech, Sign, Writing and Digital Communication 1.6 Societies and Communities 1.

7 Monolingualism and Multilingualism 1.8 Conclusion Notes 2. Regional Dialectology Rajend Mesthrie 2.1 Introduction 2.2 A Multilingual Project: The Linguistic Survey of India 2.3 Monolingual Dialectology in Europe 2.4 Modern Approaches to Dialect 2.5 Other Facets of Dialect Variation 2.

6 Conclusion Notes 3. Social Dialectology Rajend Mesthrie 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Principles and Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics 3.3 Fieldwork Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics 3.4 More on Social Categories and Language 3.5 Sociolinguistics on Trial: An Application of Urban Dialectology 3.6 Conclusion Notes 4.

Language Variation and Change Rebecca Lurie Starr 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Relationship between Variation and Change 4.3 Patterns of Change 4.4 Approaches to Studying Change 4.5 Social Factors and Language Change 4.6 Social Networks and Language Change 4.7 Other Factors in Change 4.

8 Conclusion 5. Style and Stylistic Variation Rebecca Lurie Starr 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Style, Register and Enregisterment 5.3 Attention Paid to Speech 5.4 Audience-Focused Approaches 5.5 The Third Wave Tradition and the Speaker-Focused Approach 5.6 Style and Social Groups: Communities of Practice 5.

7 Stylisation and Language Crossing 5.8 Conclusion 6. Language Choice and Code-switching Rajend Mesthrie and Joan Swann, with contributions by Barbara Mayor 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Language Choice in Multilingual Communities 6.3 Code-switching in Multilingual Communities 6.4 Code-switching and Script Play 6.5 Multilingual Ecologies: The Study of Linguistics Landscapes 6.

6 From Code-switching to (Trans)Languaging 6.7 Conclusion Notes 7. Language in Interaction Joan Swann 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Organisation of Everyday Conversation 7.3 Narrative and Voice 7.4 Long Conversations and Text Trajectories 7.5 Conclusion Notes 8.

Media, Modes, Mobilities Caroline Tagg 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Media 8.3 Modes 8.4 Mobilities 8.5 Conclusion Notes 9. Gender and Language Use Joan Swann 9.1 Introduction 9.

2 Women''s and Men''s Language 9.3 Language Variation and Change 9.4 Gender in Interaction 9.5 Contextualised Approaches: Performance and Performativity 9.6 Reconceptualisations: Intersectionality Bodies, Modes and Media, and the Global South 9.7 Conclusion Notes 10. Language Contact and its Outcomes Rajend Mesthrie 10.1 Introduction 10.

2 Contact, Borrowing and Lexical Creativity 10.3 Language Maintenance, Shift, Decline and Revival 10.4 Revitalising Endangered Languages 10.5 Pidgin and Creole Formation 10.6 Bilingual Mixed Languages 10.7 Conclusion Notes 11. Globalisation and Language Rebecca Lurie Starr 11.1 Introduction 11.

2 Phenomena Associated with Globalisation 11.3 Globalisation, Media and Language Change 11.4 World Languages, World Englishes 11.5 Globalisation, Language and Tourism 11.6 Globalisation, Language and Music 11.7 Conclusion 12. Language and Power Rajend Mesthrie 12.1 Introduction 12.

2 Power 12.3 Critical Discourse Analysis 12.4 Critical Language Awareness in Action 12.5 Resistance to Powerful Language 12.6 Language and Symbolic Power 12.7 Coloniality and Decoloniality 12.8 Conclusion Note Bibliography Glossary Index.