This book clearly sets out the fundamental economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights that protect European citizens in education, employment and daily life. Matti Mikkola traces the evolution of these rights from their origins in the liberal state to their prominence within the welfare state. With extensive reference to the case law of the ECtHR and the CJEU, and the conclusions and decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights, the book examines the challenges ESC rights face as governments increasingly prioritise investments in production and export industries amidst heightened global competition. It also serves as a guide for those seeking to defend their rights before European judicial bodies. Key Features: Extensive reference to Case Law and to the decisions of the various monitoring bodies Advocates for the protection of fundamental rights concerning life, human dignity and equal opportunities Explores the dynamic nature of ESC rights from both contextual, conceptual and practical perspectives Analyses rights related to education, working conditions, labour market relations and social protection Evaluates the treaties, decisions and argumentation of key judicial bodies of the Council of Europe and the Court of Justice of the European Union Fundamental Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Europe is an essential resource for judges of the ECtHR, CJEU and national highest courts. It is also highly relevant to legal advisors in ministries of foreign, labour and social affairs, international and national institutes and social partners and experts of the NGOs.