Preface ix List of Contributors xi 1 High Performance Polymer Hydrogel based Materials for Fuel Cells 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Hydrogel Electrolyte 3 1.3 Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel 4 Summary 19 References 20 2 PVAc Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries 27 2.1 Introduction 27 Conclusion 49 References 49 3 Lithium Polymer Batteries Based on Ionic Liquids 53 3.1 Lithium Batteries 54 3.2 Lithium Polymer Batteries Containing Ionic Liquids 61 Battery Performance 88 Glossary 94 References 96 4 Organic Quantum Dots Grown by Molecular Layer Deposition for Photovoltaics 103 4.1 Introduction 104 4.

2 Molecular Layer Deposition 105 4.3 Concept of Solar Cells with Organic Quantum Dots 107 4.4 Polymer Multiple Quantum Dots 110 4.5 Molecular Multiple Quantum Dots 120 4.6 Waveguide-Type Solar Cells 127 4.7 Summary 135 References 135 5 Solvent Effects in Polymer Based Organic Photovoltaics 137 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Solar Cell Device Structure and Prepartion 139 5.

3 Spin-Coating of Active Layer 141 5.4 In uence of Solvent on Morphology 143 5.5 Residual Solvent 152 5.6 Summary 156 Acknowledgment 157 References 157 6 Polymer-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells 163 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 Hybrid Conjugated Polymer-Inorganic Semiconductor Composites 173 6.3 Conclusion 185 References 191 7 Semiconducting Polymer-based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells 199 7.1 Introduction 199 7.

2 Optical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers 200 7.3 Electrical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers 206 7.4 Mechanical Properties Polymer Solar Cells 208 7.5 Processing of Polymers 210 7.6 State-of-the-art of the Technology 212 References 213 8 Energy Gas Storage in Porous Polymers 215 8.1 Introduction 216 8.2 Microporous Organic Polymers 217 8.3 Characterization of MOPs 239 Conclusion 242 List of Abbreviation 242 References 243.