This book explores the nature of learning and development in the philosophy of phenomenological structuralism, which represents an effort to resolve the structure/agency problematic of the social sciences within structurationist sociological theory. Through the analysis and critique of structurationist sociology, the book outlines the underlying tenets of this problematic. It goes on to synthesize Haitian ontology and epistemology, phenomenology, Althusserian structural Marxism, quantum mechanics, and Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of language games. As such, it offers an alternative reading of the structure/agency problematic, which holds on to the notions of structure, duality, dualism, and the individual's rational ability to choose to account for the constitution of the individual and society in, and as, the resource framework of the earth. In the final analysis, the study outlines the implications for this social ontology in the domain of learning and development. It utilizes two case studies, black America and Haiti, to highlight its conclusions that learning and development in this phenomenological structuralism are both Vygotskyian and Chomskyian.