Part 1 SECTION ONE The nature, origins and indentification of lower attainment; Chapter 1 Lower attainment, learning difficulties and learning disorders; Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Lower attainment and specific learning difficulties; Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Lower attainment, disaffection and demotivation; Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Differentiation: curriculum models and methods; Section TWO The nature of effective learning and teaching; Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Speaking and listening; Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Handwriting; Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Spelling; Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Reading; Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Study skills; Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Writing; Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Thinking and problem solving; Chapter 12 Chapter 12 Number and mathematical difficulties; Chapter 13 Chapter 13 Behaviour and social skills management; Epilogue; References; Index;.