Through examination of nearly sixty works, Fabienne Moore traces the prehistory of the French prose poem, demonstrating that the disquiet of some eighteenth-century writers with the Enlightenment gave rise to the genre nearly a century before it is generally supposed to exist. In the throes of momentous scientific, philosophical, and socio-economic changes, Enlightenment authors turned to the past to retrieve sources such as Homer, the pastoral, Ossian, the Bible, and primitive eloquence, favoring music to construct alternatives to the world of reason. The result, Moore argues, were prose poems, including Fénelon's Les Adventures de Télémaque, Montesquieu's Le Temple de Gnide, Rousseau's Le Lévite d'Ephraïm, Chateaubriand's Atala, as well as many lesser-known texts, most of which are out of print. Moore's treatment of Bible criticism and eighteenth-century religious reform movements underscores the often-neglected spiritual side of Enlightenment culture, and tracks its contribution to the period's thinking about language and poetic meaning. Moore includes in appendices four unusual texts adjudicating the merits of prose poems, making evidence of their controversial nature now accessible to readers.