Contents Acknowledgments Prologue: Lost Memories List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations Introduction 1 Definitions 2 What Is at Stake in Shoah Restitution? 3 Data 4 Interviews 5 Disclosure 6 The Waves of Shoah Restitution and Their Outcomes 7 Conclusion 8 The First Wave of Shoah Restitution (1943-1969) 9 Successor Organizations in West Germany 10 1952 Luxemburg Agreement between Israel and West Germany 11 The Missing One-Third of the Shoah Reparation Agreement 12 Shoah Rehabilitation 13 Involvement of NGOs in the Shoah Reparation AgreementPart 1The Second Wave of Shoah Restitution (1990-2016) Introduction to Part 1 1 Israel's Proxy: the World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO) 1 Conflicting Narratives 2 Structure, Responsibilities, and Budget 3 Budgetary Limitations2 The WJRO People 3 The Politics of Restitution 1 Who Leads Shoah Restitution? 2 The Israeli Government's Involvement in Shoah Restitution 3 The WJRO's Relations with the US 4 The WJRO's Relations with Other Sovereign States and Their Jewish Communities 5 Conclusion4 International Conferences 1 Conferences during President Bill Clinton's Presidency 2 Conferences during President George W. Bush's Presidency 3 Conferences during President Barack Obama's Presidency 4 Conferences during President Donald Trump's Presidency 5 Conferences during President Joe Biden's Presidency 6 What Did the Shoah Restitution Conferences Accomplish?5 Retrieving Nazi-Looted Art 1 Conclusion6 Financial Settlements: Swiss Banks, Insurance Policies 1 The Swiss Banks' Negotiations 2 The Insurance Policies Settlement 3 Conclusion7 Israel's Lost Opportunities: ESLI and Project HEART 1 European Shoah Legacy Institute (ESLI) 2 The Closure of ESLI 3 Comparison between ESLI and the WJRO 4 Holocaust-Era Asset Restitution Taskforce (HEART)Part 2The Third Wave of Shoah Restitution Introduction to Part 2 8 Lessons from the Second Wave 1 The Shoah Restitution Movement's Contribution to Humankind 9 The Vatican and the Eight Countries Where Shoah Restitution Is Most Needed 1 The Vatican (Holy See) 2 Germany 3 Poland 4 Hungary 5 Romania 6 France 7 Czech Republic 8 Austria 9 Slovakia 10 The WJRO and Settlements in Poland, Hungary, Romania, and the Czech Republic 11 Norway 12 Conclusion10 The Third Wave Mission 1 Israel as Leader of Shoah Restitution 2 Israel's Partners 3 Achieving Full Shoah Restitution 4 Creating a Timeframe for Shoah Restitution 5 Organizational Restructuring 6 Target Countries 7 Successful Shoah Restitution Models 8 Multinational Restitution of Nazi-Looted Art 9 Supportive Environment 10 Amending the UN Genocide Convention 11 Conclusion: Potential Gains of a Third Wave Epilogue: Impact of October 7, 2023 War Appendix 1: Timeline Appendix 2: Recommendations of the Presidential Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States and Staff Report, December 2000 Appendix 3: Holocaust Era Asset Restitution Taskforce (Project HEART) Select Bibliography Index.