Contents: Introduction; Part 1 Expansion: The expansion of Europe I, William R. Shepherd; The American frontier - frontier of what?, Carlton J.H. Hayes; European colonial experience: a plea for comparative studies, Merril Jensen and Robert L. Reynolds; The significance of the frontier in the Middle Ages, Robert I. Burns; Medieval real estate developments and freedom, Bryce Lyon; Colonization activities in the Latin kingdom, Joshua Prawer; Missionary problems in the 13th century: a study in missionary preparation, Mathias Braun; Outsiders by birth and blood: racist ideologies around the periphery of medieval European culture, Richard C. Hoffmann. Part 2 Contraction and Redirection in the Late Middle Ages: The closing of the medieval frontier, 1250-1350, Archibald R.

Lewis; The transfer of colonial techniques from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, Charles Verlinden; The medieval; background of European and American oceanic history, Archibald R. Lewis; The Middle Ages in the conquest of America, Luis Weckmann; The Iberian background of Latin American history: recent progress and continuing problems, Charles Julian Bishko; The legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West, Lynn White Jr. Part 3 Columbus: The pre-Columbian discovery of America, Jaime Cortesão; Christopher Columbus and his enterprise to the Indies: scholarship of the last quarter century, Delno West; European expansion before Columbus: causes and consequences, Seymour Phillips; The inter-Atlantic paradigm: the failure of Spanish medieval colonization of the Canary and Caribbean islands, Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo; Index.