This fully updated fourth edition provides a comprehensive survey of public international law, with useful references throughout to current events, classic and contemporary cases, and scholarship. It is designed as a stand-alone text or as a complement to all the major casebooks on the topic. The first part of the book addresses how international law is created, interpreted, and enforced; the second part focuses on the interface of international law and national law, with an emphasis on U.S. law; and the final part covers key subject matter areas: human rights, injury to foreigners, the law of the sea, international environmental law, international criminal law, the use of force, and arms control.