Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Contributorsxxv Introduction: What is the Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance? xxix Farhad B. Naini and Daljit S. Gill What Does ''Edgewise'' Mean xxix What Does ''Preadjusted'' Mean xxxiv Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance Components xxxix Bracket Design Features xl Bracket Positioning xliii Stages of Treatment xliv Conclusion xliv References xliv Part I Principles 1 1 Principles of Treatment Planning 3 Farhad B. Naini and Daljit S. Gill Introduction 3 Patient Concerns 4 Patient Motivation and Compliance 4 Handling Patient Expectations 4 Medical History 6 General Dental Health 6 Previous Orthodontic Treatment 7 Treatment Timing: When Should Treatment be Undertaken? 7 Problem List 9 Treatment Aims 11 Presenting the Treatment Options 14 How do we decide whether or not to Extract Teeth? 15 Space Analysis and Space Planning 17 Informed Consent 21 What Should be Included in a Treatment Plan 23 Treatment Mechanics 23 References 26 2 Principles of Orthodontic Biomechanics 29 Farhad B. Naini and Daljit S. Gill Introduction 29 Basic Concepts and Principles 30 Newton''s Laws of Motion and Static Equilibrium 38 Displacement of Rigid Bodies 39 Control of Tooth Movement 41 Types of Tooth Movement 44 Clinical Applications and Relevance 47 Conclusion 54 References 55 3 Anchorage 57 Zaid B. Al-Bitar Introduction 57 Anchorage Value 59 Assessment of Anchorage Need 61 Classifications of Anchorage 61 Anchorage Control with Fixed Appliances 62 Anchorage Creation 73 Anchorage Loss 74 References 75 4 Consent 79 Gavin J.

Mack Introduction 79 Types of Consent 80 Valid Consent 80 Withdrawal of Consent 81 Treatment Options 81 Key Factors to be Communicated with Patients 82 Treatment Benefits 83 Treatment Risks 84 Effective Communication 88 Conclusions 89 References 90 5 Dentolegal Aspects of Orthodontic Treatment 93 Alison Williams Introduction 93 Advertising 94 The Initial Consultation 94 Pretreatment Records 97 Dentolegal and Ethical Issues that may Arise During Treatment Planning 99 Obtaining Consent 100 Dentolegal Issues Arising During Active Orthodontic Treatment 102 Retention 106 Relapse 107 Duty of Candour 107 Responding to a Complaint 108 References 109 Part II The Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance 111 6 BracketDesign 113 Chris D. Donaldson The Origins of Fixed Appliance Bracket Design 113 Preadjusted Edgewise Straight-wire Appliance 117 Straight-wire Appliance: Bracket Prescriptions 121 Straight-wire Appliance: Bracket Modifications 129 Acknowledgements 135 References 135 7 Bracket Placement 137 Hemendranath V. Shah, Daljit S. Gill, and Farhad B. Naini Introduction 137 Design Features of Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance Brackets 137 Direct versus Indirect Bonding 140 Direct Bonding Technique 141 Indirect Bonding Technique 142 Banding Molars and Premolars 143 Tips for Bracket Selection in Certain Situations 145 References 146 8 Bonding in Orthodontics 147 Declan Millett History 147 Bonding Procedure 148 Bonding to Artificial Substrates 151 Indirect Bonding 151 Bonding Adhesives 152 Health Risks Associated with Bonding 154 Effectiveness of Adhesives 154 Debonding 156 Bonded Retainers 157 Additional Uses of Bonding in Orthodontics 158 Future Possibilities of Orthodontic Bonding 158 Summary 158 Acknowledgements 159 Further Reading 159 References 159 9 Debonding 165 Lucy Davenport-Jones Introduction 165 Preparation 166 Stainless Steel Brackets 166 Ceramic Brackets 166 Self-ligating Brackets 168 Lingual Appliances and Bite Turbos 168 Solvent Use 168 Electrothermal Debonding 168 Laser Debonding 168 Band Removal 169 Composite Resin Removal 169 Finishing Techniques 169 Iatrogenic Damage 171 Particulates 171 Conclusions 172 References 172 10 Archwires 175 Leila Khamashta-Ledezma Introduction 175 Properties of Archwires 176 Archwire Shape and Arch Form 179 Archwire Materials 180 Aesthetic Archwires 185 Fatigue 187 Corrosion of Metal Alloys 188 Which is the Best Aligning Archwire or Archwire Sequence? 191 Pain from Initial Archwires 192 Root Resorption from Different Archwires 194 Allergy to Nickel 195 Acknowledgements 197 References 197 11 The Use of Auxiliaries in Orthodontics 203 Andrew T. DiBiase and Jonathan Sandler Introduction 203 Anchorage and Space Management 203 Class II Correction 208 Tooth Movement 211 Conclusion 217 References 218 12 Optimising Fixed Appliance Treatment with Orthodontic Mini-implants 219 Richard R. J. Cousley Introduction 219 OMI Advantages 220 OMI Disadvantages 220 Where Does OMI anchorage Come From? 221 Anchorage Options: Direct Versus Indirect 223 Key Clinical Steps Involved in OMI Usage with Fixed Appliances 226 Three-dimensional Anchorage Applications 228 References 231 13 Care of Fixed Appliances 235 Nazan Adali, Daljit S.

Gill, and Farhad B. Naini Introduction 235 Before Fixed Appliance Treatment 236 During Fixed Appliance Treatment 237 After Fixed Appliance Treatment 245 Conclusions 245 References 245 Part III Stages of Treatment with Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances 247 14 Alignment and Levelling 249 Farhad B. Naini and Daljit S. Gill Introduction 249 Anchorage Requirements and Preparation 250 Arch Form 255 Tooth Movement with Preadjusted Fixed Appliances 256 Alignment 257 Levelling 293 Conclusion 294 References 294 15 Controlled Space Closure 297 Daljit S. Gill and Farhad B. Naini Introduction 297 At Completion of Alignment and Levelling 298 Objectives during Space Closure 298 Classification of Anchorage 299 Types of Space Closure 299 Sliding Mechanics with the Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance 300 Frictionless Mechanics with the Preadjusted Edgewise Appliance 306 Monitoring Space Closure 308 Conclusion 309 References 309 16 Finishing 311 Mohammad Owaise Sharif and Stephen M. Chadwick Introduction 311 Aims and Objectives of Orthodontic Treatment 312 Common Errors Encountered at the Finishing Stages of Treatment 312 Efficient Finishing: the Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 317 Conclusion 318 References 318 17 Retention 321 Simon J. Littlewood Introduction 321 Historical background 322 Aetiology of Post-treatment Changes 323 Reducing Relapse During Treatment 324 Choice of Retainers 324 Fixed Retainers 324 Removable Retainers 327 Responsibilities in Retention 329 Conclusions 329 Acknowledgements 329 References 329 Part IV Management of Malocclusions with Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances 331 18 Management of Class II Malocclusions 333 Martyn T.

Cobourne and Mithran S. Goonewardene Introduction 333 Management Options 334 Growth Modification 336 Orthodontic Camouflage 342 Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery 356 References 356 19 Management of Class III Malocclusions 359 Grant T. McIntyre Introduction 359 Treatment Timing for Class III Malocclusion in Relation to Facial Growth 360 Comprehensive, Camouflage or Compromise Treatment for Class III Cases 362 Managing the Class III Surgical/Orthodontic Patient with Fixed Appliances 366 Class III Malocclusion Occurring with Cleft Lip and/or Palate 370 References 370 20 Management of Deep Incisor Overbite 371 Farhad B. Naini, Daljit S. Gill, and Umberto Garagiola Introduction 371 Aetiology 372 Indications for Treatment 373 Considerations in Treatment Planning 374 Methods of Overbite Reduction 375 Appliances and Techniques for Overbite Reduction 376 Stability of Overbite Correction 382 Conclusion 384 References 384 21 Management of Anterior Open Bite 385 Chung H. Kau and Tim S. Trulove Introduction 385 Prevalence and Incidence 385 Aetiology 385 Characteristics 388 Clinical Treatment 389 Retention and Stability 394 Conclusion 394 References 394 22 Management of the Transverse Dimension 397 Lucy Davenport-Jones Introduction 397 Cross.