The Foundation and Heritage of the Criminal Law Introduction: The Idea of Criminal Law The Need for Tradition and Foundation Criminal Law and the Common Law A Survey of Legal Tradition The Ancient Idea of Law and Crime Early Medieval Legal Thought Legal Thought in the Later Middle Ages The Turning Point toward Our Modern System The Enlightenment to Colonial Period Definitions of Crime Defining Crime Crime as a Moral and Religious Judgment Crime as Deviance and Aberration Crime as Severity and Grade Classification of Offenses Treason Felonies Misdemeanors Summary/Petty Offenses Parties to Crimes Principals Accessories Vicarious Liability Imputing Criminality to Corporate Action Actus Reus and Mens Rea Idea and Mental State in Criminal Culpability The Nature of a Criminal Act Actus Reus: Voluntariness and Free Choice Actus Reus: Commission versus Omission Defining Mens Rea Types of Mens Rea Specific Intent General Intent Strict Liability Mens Rea and the Degrees of Knowledge Mens Rea with Purpose Mens Rea with Knowledge Mens Rea with Recklessness Mens Rea and Negligence Questions Crimes against the Person: Homicide Introduction: The Nature of Homicide Murder in the First Degree Murder in the Second Degree Manslaughter Provocation as Mitigator Felony Murder Rule Qualifying Felonies Any Victim Any Perpetrator The Dilemma of Dual Intents Negligent Homicide (Involuntary Manslaughter) Suicide Abortion Crimes against the Person: Assault and Other Offenses Introduction: Personal Offenses That Inflict Harm Robbery The Taking Force Kidnapping and Related Offenses The Nature of Movement The Nature of Force False Imprisonment Custodial Interference Crimes Involving Bodily Injury Assault Simple Assault Aggravated Assault Mayhem Harassment Other Bodily Offenses Protection from Abuse/Domestic Abuse Hate Crimes Terroristic Threats Sexual Offenses against the Person Introduction: Sexual Offenses against the Person Rape The Nature of Force The Nature of Consent The Nature of Resistance The Nature of Sexual Penetration The Nature of the Marital Exemption and Its Ongoing Challenge The Nature of Gender in Sexual Offenses The Nature of the Victim''s Character Statutory Rape Sodomy/Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse Necrophilia Sexual Transmission of HIV Incest Failure to Protect Child from Abuse Child Molestation Crimes against Property Introduction: Offenses against Property Theft The Taking Asportation The Property Without License or Privilege Special Statutory Designs in the Law of Theft Theft of Services Retail Theft Auto Theft Theft by Receiving Stolen Property Theft by Intimidation (Extortion) Theft by Unauthorized Disposition (Embezzlement) Theft by Deception (Fraud) Theft by Forgery The Writing Alteration, Modification or Change to a Writing Specific Intent to Defraud Bribery Benefit for Favor Commercial Bribery Crimes against Habitation Introduction Burglary The Breaking and Entry Time of Day Domicile or Other Qualified Structure The Intents of Burglary Criminal Trespass Entry Intent as to License or Privilege Qualified Structure Arson Motive and Intent The Nature of Fire The Meaning of "Structure" Criminal Mischief Vandalism Offenses Contrary to the Public Morality Introduction: The Intersection of Law and Morality Prostitution Drugs and Controlled Substances Legalization as Solution Special Response: Drug Courts Bigamy and Polygamy Obscenity The Nature of Obscenity The Value and Quality of the Expression Community Standard of Obscenity Driving under the Influence/Driving While Intoxicated Proof of DUI/DWI Elements of the Offense Inchoate Offenses Introduction: The Nature of an Inchoate Offense Solicitation Criminal Attempts Type of Intent Overt or Substantial Step Capacity and Impossibility Conspiracy The Agreement The Overt Act Special Case: RICO Criminal Defenses Introduction: Defending Criminal Actions Criminal Defenses: Defense of Self and Property Self-Defense/Defense of Others Defense of Others Defense of Property Legal Insanity Three Tests of Insanity Guilty But Mentally Ill Entrapment Coercion/Duress Mistake/Ignorance of Law Mistake/Ignorance of Fact Consent Implied Consent Appendix Index.