Part 1. The Meaning and Dynamics of Mutualisms 1 The Scope and Meaning of Mutualisms 1.1 Introduction References 2 Mechanisms and Maintenance 2.1 Coextinction and Coevolution: Ecological Specialisation 2.2 Stability and Integration of Mutualisms 2.3 Wider Community Stability References Part 2. Lessons from Classic Mutualisms 3 Classic Themes: Pollination Mutualisms of Insects and Plants 3.1 Introduction: Pollination Systems 3.

2 Obligate Pollination Mutualisms 3.2.1 Figs and Fig-wasps 3.2.2 Yuccas and Yucca-moths 3.2.3 Other Examples 3.3 Nursery Pollination 3.

4 Broader Perspective References 4 Classic Themes: Ants, Plants and Fungi 4.1 Introduction to Ant-Plant Interactions 4.2 Extrafloral Nectaries 4.3 Food Bodies and Domatia 4.4 Ant Epiphytes 4.5 Ant Gardens 4.6 Myrmecocochory 4.7 Ants, Plants and Fungi References 5 Classic Themes: Ants and Other Insects.

Hemiptera 5.1 Introduction: Trophobiotic Associations 5.2 Ant-Hemiptera Mutualisms References 6 Classic Themes: Ants and Other Insects. Lepidoptera 6.1 Introduction: Ants and Lycaenid Butterflies 6.2 Myrmecophily References 7 Classic Themes: Other Insect Mutualisms 7.1 Introduction: the Remaining Variety 7.2 Termites and Fungi 7.

3 Beetles and Fungi 7.4 Mullerian Mimicry References Part 3. Environmental Impacts and Insect Conservation: Lessons from Mutualisms 8 Impacts of Alien Invasive Species 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Impacts on Mutualisms References 9 Exploiters of Mutualisms 9.1 Introduction: the Roles of Additional Species 9.2 Exploiters and Cheaters 9.3 Protection from Over-exploitation 9.

4 Changed Communities 9.5 Nectar and Pollen Robbers 9.6 Defences against Exploitation References 10 Habitat Losses and Conservation of Mutualisms 10.1 Introduction: Mutualisms in Practical Conservation 10.2 Mutualisms and Disturbance 10.3 Community Contexts 10.4 Fragmentation and Loss of Habitats 10.5 Climate change 10.

6 Re-Introductions 10.7 Prospects References.