List of Figures * Acknowledgements * Preface * The Art of Poverty: Introduction * Irony and Ideal * Defining the Beggar: Subject and Image * The Beggar's Place * Traditional Locations * In Terror of the Tramp * The Rise of the False Beggar Image * False Charity * Conclusion * Lazy Beggars: The Working Context * Everyday Poverty: The Beggar Image as Genre * Lazy Beggars * The Image of Sinful Disability * The Idle Beggar as the Negative Image of Production * Conclusion * Paragons of Poverty: Picturing The Deserving Poor * Reforming Beggars: The Impact of Protestantism * The Imagery of Civic Charity * Iconographies of the Deserving * The Absence of False Beggars in Italian Art Before 1580 * Conclusion * Treasures of the Church: The Sacred Poor in Italian Painting * Iconographies * Classicising Beggar Bodies: Raphael and His Followers * Heroic Beggars in Venetian Painting * Ideal Poverty in Bolognese Painting * Beggar Style: Issues in Form and Interpretation * Text and Image in the Naturalistic Beggar Depictions of Northern Europe * Beggar Style in Italian Painting * Images of False Beggars from the Circle of Annibale * Conclusion * The Art of Poverty: Conclusion * Beggars and Artists * Bibliography List of Figures * Acknowledgements * Preface * The Art of Poverty: Introduction * Irony and Ideal * Defining the Beggar: Subject and Image * The Beggar's Place * Traditional Locations * In Terror of the Tramp * The Rise of the False Beggar Image * False Charity * Conclusion * Lazy Beggars: The Working Context * Everyday Poverty: The Beggar Image as Genre * Lazy Beggars * The Image of Sinful Disability * The Idle Beggar as the Negative Image of Production * Conclusion * Paragons of Poverty: Picturing The Deserving Poor * Reforming Beggars: The Impact of Protestantism * The Imagery of Civic Charity * Iconographies of the Deserving * The Absence of False Beggars in Italian Art Before 1580 * Conclusion * Treasures of the Church: The Sacred Poor in Italian Painting * Iconographies * Classicising Beggar Bodies: Raphael and His Followers * Heroic Beggars in Venetian Painting * Ideal Poverty in Bolognese Painting * Beggar Style: Issues in Form and Interpretation * Text and Image in the Naturalistic Beggar Depictions of Northern Europe * Beggar Style in Italian Painting * Images of False Beggars from the Circle of Annibale * Conclusion * The Art of Poverty: Conclusion * Beggars and Artists * Bibliography.